A Cultural Resource Assessment for the Ogden Business Exchange and Economic Development Area, Ogden, Weber County, Utah FINAL Prepared for Ogden City Corporation Prepared by Sheri Murray Ellis, MS, RPA Owner/Sr. Consultant Certus Environmental Solutions, LLC Salt Lake City, Utah 801.230.7260 PLPCO Permit No. 47 Certus Project Number OGD01 Utah Antiquities Project No. U-14-HY-0185ps April 8, 2014 Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | i PROJECT ABSTRACT SHEET Report Title: A Cultural Resource Assessment for the Ogden Business Exchange and Economic Development Area, Ogden, Weber County, Utah State Project No.: U-13-HY-0185ps Project Description: Ogden City Corporation (the City) is considering committing U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) funds, under the Section 108 Loan Program, to undertake the proposed Ogden Business Exchange project. The project is a public/private partnership to develop a business and light industrial park in the West Ogden neighborhood. Specific elements of this project that will be undertaken by the City are the acquisition of approximately 19 parcels, demolition and clearing, environmental remediation, construction of infrastructure improvements such as roadways and utilities, and other preparation of the site for development as a business and industrial park. The City has designated additional land, primarily south of the Business Exchange site, as an Economic Development Area (EDA). The City may be obligated to comply with U.C.A. 9-8-404 for the development, promotion of development, or other management of EDA lands outside the Business Exchange site. Area of Potential Effects: The area of potential effects (APE) for the undertaking consists of the designated boundary of the Business Exchange area, which encompasses approximately 77 acres. The survey area for the undertaking is larger than the APE and is defined by the boundary of the EDA. The survey area contains approximately 123 acres, including the Business Exchange APE. Location: Ogden, Weber County, Utah; T. 6N, R. 1W, Sections 29-30; USGS 7.5’ topographic quadrangle Ogden, Utah Land Ownership: Private, Municipal Date(s) of Fieldwork: March 21 and 24, 2014 Methods: Selective reconnaissance-level buildings and structures survey; intensive-level and reconnaissance-level archaeological survey Acres Surveyed: 123 acres Total # of Isolated Artifacts and Features: 1 Total # of Archaeological & Linear Sites: 4 (42WB351, 42WB353, 42WB435, 42WB509) Total # of Historical Buildings: 87 # of Resources Recommended Eligible for NRHP: 50 (42WB351, 42WB353, 42WB509, 47 buildings) Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Project Abstract Sheet........................................................................................................................ i Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................... ii List of Figures ................................................................................................................................... iii List of Tables .................................................................................................................................... iii Introduction .....................................................................................................................................1 The Area of Potential Effects and Survey Area ....................................................................................1 Project Setting ..................................................................................................................................5 Previous Resource Surveys and Known Cultural Resources ..................................................................5 Historic Context ................................................................................................................................7 Settlement and Community Development ............................................................................................... 7 Railroading and Industrial Development .................................................................................................. 8 Agriculture and Livestock ........................................................................................................................ 10 Field Methods ................................................................................................................................. 12 Resource Evaluation Methods .......................................................................................................... 13 Utah-Specific Considerations for Buildings ............................................................................................. 14 Historical Boundaries .............................................................................................................................. 14 Findings .......................................................................................................................................... 15 Isolated Occurrences .............................................................................................................................. 15 Canals, Railroads, and Archaeological Sites ............................................................................................ 15 42WB351, Wilson Canal ...................................................................................................................... 15 42WB353, Utah Central/Union Pacific Evona Branch Railroad .......................................................... 18 42WB425, Hooper Canal ..................................................................................................................... 19 42WB509, Union Stock Yard ............................................................................................................... 20 Historical Buildings ................................................................................................................................. 22 Summary ........................................................................................................................................ 46 References Cited .............................................................................................................................. 47 Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | iii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. General location of Ogden Business Exchange and Economic Development Project ...............2 Figure 2. APE & Survey Area for Ogden Business Exchange and EDA Project (Map 1) ............................3 Figure 3. APE & Survey Area for the Ogden Business Exchange and EDA Project (Map 2) ......................4 Figure 4. Archaeological survey results for the Business Exchange/EDA Project (Map 1) ..................... 16 Figure 5. Archaeological survey results for the Business Exchange/EDA Project (Map 2) ..................... 17 Figure 6. Results of historical buildings survey; Ogden Business Exchange and Economic Development Area ............................................................................................................................................... 23 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Buildings in the Business Exchange APE ............................................................................... 24 Table 2. Buildings in the EDA Survey Area, excluding the Business Exchange APE ............................... 30 Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 1 INTRODUCTION Ogden City Corporation (the City) is considering committing U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) funds, under the Section 108 Loan and Community Development Block Grant programs, to undertake the proposed Ogden Business Exchange project. The project is a public/private partnership to develop a business and light industrial park in the West Ogden neighborhood (Figure 1). Because federal funding could be used, the National Historic Preservation Act and its implementing regulations at 36 CFR 800 are invoked, as is the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and other federal regulations. The City has designated additional land, primarily south of the Business Exchange site, as an Economic Development Area (EDA). The City may be obligated to comply with U.C.A. 9-8-404, the state equivalent of the NHPA’s Section 106 process, for the development, promotion of development, or other management of EDA lands outside the Business Exchange site. The City contracted with Certus Environmental Solutions, LLC (Certus) to assist them in assessing the potential effects to cultural resources from the Business Exchange development and potential future management actions for the broader EDA. The results of the assessment by Certus are presented herein. Sheri Murray Ellis, Principal Investigator for Certus under State of Utah Principal Investigator Permit No. 47, conducted fieldwork for the project March 21 and 24, 2014. Fieldwork consisted of an intensive-level survey for archaeological resources and selective reconnaissance-level survey for historical buildings and structures. The work was carried out under Utah State Antiquities Project No. U-14-HY-0185ps. THE AREA OF POTENTIAL EFFECTS AND SURVEY AREA The proposed undertaking by the City may include the following actions:  Acquisition of approximately 19 parcels in the Business Exchange  Demolition of existing buildings and structures on those parcels  Construction of transportation and utility infrastructure in the Business Exchange area  Development of open space, trails, and recreational amenities  Future enactment of ordinances, incentives, or other management actions in the broader EDA to encourage economic development by private parties The actions in the area of the Business Exchange are anticipated to occur in the near term, i.e., within the next few years. The timing of enactment of management actions for the broader EDA is undetermined at this time but is not likely to occur in the near term. Future site-specific consideration of effects to cultural resources from these management actions will likely need to be considered at the time such actions are implemented. The area of potential effects (APE) for the undertaking consists of the designated boundary of the Business Exchange area, which encompasses approximately 77 acres (Figures 2 and 3). The survey area for the undertaking is larger than the APE and is defined by the boundary of the EDA. The survey area contains approximately 123 acres, including the Business Exchange APE. The APE and survey area are located in Township 6 North, Range 1 West, Sections 29 and 30 of the Salt Lake Meridian and Baseline. These areas are depicted on USGS 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle Ogden, Utah (see Figure 2). Lands within the APE and survey area are primarily owned by private parties, but both the City and Weber County also hold lands in the area. Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 2 Figure 1. General location of Ogden Business Exchange and Economic Development ProjectOgden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 3 Figure 2. APE & Survey Area for Ogden Business Exchange and EDA Project (Map 1) Survey Area Area of Potential Effects (APE) Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 4 Figure 3. APE & Survey Area for the Ogden Business Exchange and EDA Project (Map 2) Survey Area Area of Potential Effects (APE) Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 5 PROJECT SETTING The Business Exchange and EDA project area is located near the neighborhood of West Ogden, in central Weber County, just west of the historic downtown area of Ogden and the historic Ogden Rail Yard. The Weber River essentially forms the northern and eastern boundary of the APE and survey area. The historic Utah Central/Union Pacific Evona Branch rail line passes east-west through the center of the survey area, and 24th Street forms the southern boundary. Between the rail line and 24th Street, lands are developed almost entirely for residential and local commercial purposes. The residential neighborhood dates from the late 1800s to roughly the 1930s, and most of the buildings in this portion of the survey area are historic. North of the rail line, lands were developed for a much broader variety of uses, including limited residential use, light industrial use, a livestock yard (the former Union Stockyard), and warehousing. Buildings and structures in this portion of the survey area are a greater mix of historic and modern resources. Vegetation in the survey area is a mixture of residential landscaping, invasive plants, and riparian communities. Lawn grasses and ornamental trees, flowers, and shrubs are common in the residential area in the south half of the survey area. Reeds, tall grasses, cottonwood and poplar trees, and similar riparian vegetation are present along the banks of the Weber River and in and near the channel of an open canal that passes through the survey area. Invasive plants, including cheat grass, puncture vine, thistle, ragweed, and mullein are common in the disturbed areas, particularly on the site of the former stockyard. Exposures of natural soils are limited in the area; however, they appear to consist of medium brown silty loam. The adjacent river channel exhibits a large content of well sorted gravels. Elevation of the survey area ranges from approximately 4290 feet above sea level in the northern area to approximately 4330 feet above sea level at the southern boundary along 24th Street. The northern area is located in the floodplain of the Weber River while the southern area, south of the rail line, is located on a bench above the river. PREVIOUS RESOURCE SURVEYS AND KNOWN CULTURAL RESOURCES Certus conducted a search of the site and project files of the Utah State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) on March 20, 2014. The search encompassed the survey area and a half-mile buffer around it and involved only those records available through the Preservation Pro online system. The search was conducted to: a) identify any areas of the APE and survey area that may not require additional field inventory; b) identify any previously documented cultural resources in the APE and survey area that should be considered relative to potential project impacts; and c) assess the potential for encountering cultural resources during the field survey for the project and obtain information about the types of cultural resources likely to be present. According to SHPO records, 15 prior cultural resource assessments have taken place in or within one-half mile of the survey area. The assessments occurred over several decades, beginning in 1984 and culminating most recently in an assessment conducted in 2012. Most of the assessments were primarily archaeological in nature. Only one, conducted for proposed improvements to the interchange on Interstate 15 at 24th Street, was solely architectural in nature; an archaeological survey was also conducted for this project as a separate undertaking. Of the 15 previous assessments, only two included any portion of the current survey area. The first project was carried out in 1996 for the WorldCom fiber optic line between Salt Lake City and Seattle. Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 6 This project (U-96-NR-0131) consisted of a linear corridor survey parallel to the westernmost rail line in the Ogden Rail Yard, which is located at the eastern boundary of the current APE and survey area. No cultural resources were documented in the current survey area as a result of this undertaking. The second assessment that intersects the current survey area was the aforementioned historical buildings and structures survey conducted for proposed improvements to the Interstate 15/24th Street interchange. This assessment was carried by SWCA Environmental Consultants (SWCA) between 2010 and 2012 (Ellis 2012). The survey resulted in the identification and reconnaissance-level documentation of numerous historical buildings in the current survey area, including several in the APE. All of these buildings are discussed in the Findings section of this report. In addition to the documentation of buildings for the Interstate 15/24th Street interchange project, several buildings at the Union Stock Yard (also referred to as the Ogden Union Stockyards)—which constitutes the bulk of the APE—were documented in 1992 (Balle 1992). The impetus for the documentation is unclear, but it specifically addressed the former coliseum building, the coliseum annex building, the sheep barn, and the Exchange Building. The buildings were recommended eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). Six years later, the Western Regional Architecture Program and the University of Utah compiled a booklet about historical buildings around the Ogden Rail Yard (University of Utah 1998). This document included information about the property and specific architectural detail on the sheep barn and Exchange Building. Since the completion of these two documentation efforts, the coliseum, coliseum annex, and sheep barn have all been demolished. No previously documented archaeological sites are present in the current survey area. However, three linear historical sites, including two canals and one railroad, are present in the survey area, and portions of these sites have been documented outside the survey area. These sites include the Wilson Canal (42WB351), the Utah Central/Union Pacific Railroad Evona Branch (42WB353), and the Hooper Canal (42WB425). All three of these linear sites have been previously determined to be eligible for the NRHP as a result of their prior evaluations, but the portions of these sites in the current survey area have not been evaluated as to whether they retain historical integrity and contribute to the overall eligibility of the sites. The segments of these sites in the survey area were documented as part of the investigations reported herein and are discussed in the Findings section of this report. Beyond the linear historical sites, few archaeological sites have been documented within one half mile of the survey area. Of those that have, nearly all are other linear historical sites or railroad-related sites. Only two prehistoric sites (42WB88 and 42WB96) have been documented within one half mile of the survey area. Site 42WB88 is a Fremont and Shoshone site located south of 24th Street, above (west) of the Weber River. Site 42WB96 is a Shoshone site located north of 21st Street, along the Union Pacific Railroad line. Although no prehistoric sites have been identified in the current survey area, this is most likely as much due to the lack of archaeological investigations in the area as it is to the potential absence of such sites. Both the floodplain of the Weber River and the bench/terrace above it that are encompassed by the survey area would be considered moderate to high probability areas for containing prehistoric resources. However, due to the extensive surface disturbance and past land development in the area, intact surface manifestations of prehistoric resources are unlikely; prehistoric resources, should they exist in the area, are more likely to be found in subsurface contexts in the survey area. In addition to Preservation Pro records, Certus reviewed both General Land Office (GLO) maps and historical Sanborn maps for the survey area. Only the 1950 Sanborn map includes information about the survey area, and it only depicts the area of the former Union Stock Yard, which comprises most of the APE. This map was used to help identify historical features at the site; a discussion of the site is provided in the Findings section of this report. Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 7 Historical GLO maps of the Township 6 North, Range 1 West are available for the years 1855, 1879, and 1884. Of these three maps, only the 1855 map depicts any landscape detail for the survey area. No cultural features are depicted in the survey area or APE, but a trail or wagon road running roughly north-south is depicted to the west of the survey area. HISTORIC CONTEXT Historic contexts are employed as a tool for understanding the circumstances under which cultural resources encountered during field surveys may have been created. These contexts provide a framework for evaluating the scientific and historical significance of cultural resources and establishing the eligibility of the resources for listing on the NRHP, the country’s listing of cultural resources determined to be important in local, regional, national, or international history. Only historic period resources were encountered during the survey for the Ogden Business Exchange and EDA, and these resources are associated with several very specific thematic contexts. As such, only those contexts are presented here. Settlement and Community Development Ogden City is located in Weber County, which has long been the crossroads of Utah and the Intermountain West. Established in January 31, 1850, Weber County was the first of six counties to be created in the Utah Territory. Miles Goodyear, a trapper and trader active in the future Ogden area, recognized the necessity of exploring new business ventures as the trapping industry began to wane. He established Fort Buenaventura near the junction of the Weber and Ogden rivers in 1846, just south of 24th Street. The fort was the first permanent settlement in the area and served as a way station providing immigrants with supplies and fresh horses for their journey west (Roberts and Sadler 1997:39). Goodyear also provided produce grown on-site, and his success with agriculture at the location was viewed by newly arrived Mormons in Salt Lake City as a positive sign, encouraging northward expansion. Goodyear sold his fort in late 1847 to James Brown, a veteran of the Mormon Battalion and one of the earlier Mormon settlers sent north from Salt Lake City by pioneer leader Brigham Young to explore the settlement possibilities of the area. The property purchased from Goodyear became Brown's Fort, also known as Brownsville, and served as the launching point for the settlement of Ogden City. Within three years, the community had 1,141 residents, its name was changed permanently to Ogden, and the surrounding area was designated as Weber County (Roberts and Sadler 1997:39-43). In these early years, most of the settlement in the Ogden area took place near Brown’s Fort but east of the Weber River. The area west of the river—the area of the Business Exchange and EDA Project—was only lightly settled in the earliest years of the community and was primarily used for grazing livestock. This geographic difference in settlement was largely due to the fact that the west Ogden area is located on a bench above the river, making gravity-fed irrigation (versus mechanical irrigation accommodated with pumps) essentially impossible. Since the earliest settlers of the area had to be self-sufficient in their acquisition of food and technology in the new territory was limited, irrigation was the key to their survival; this necessitated their locating near the river bottoms and closer to the foothills of the Wasatch Mountains to take advantage of readily available water and more suitable agricultural terrain. In 1869, the nation's first transcontinental railroad was completed on May 10 at Promontory Summit, 60 miles northwest of Ogden (Strack 2012). The junction for the transfer of rolling stock, passengers, and freight was quickly moved to the more conveniently located Ogden, nicknamed "Junction City" (Strack 1997; Roberts and Sadler 1997:109). The boom in the railroad industry brought thousands of jobs to the area, which spurred growth in population. While the bulk of settlement continued to occur east of the Weber River, the late 1800s saw increased settlement west of the river, in the area of 24th Street. Settlement and development of the area hinged on one major factor: transportation. Both rail and road Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 8 transportation made the 24th Street corridor a viable area for development. Many of the rail lines converging on the Ogden Rail Yard pass just north of the area, allowing for spur lines and sidings to be constructed near, but outside of, the very hectic yard and accommodating ready access to the freight rail system for industrial developers. On the roadway side, a bridge over the Weber River along the 24th Street alignment made access to downtown Ogden, and points north and south, relatively easy. As the 24th Street area developed a more industrial feeling during the late 1800s and early 1900s, it attracted a working-class residential population. An examination of the extant housing stock of the area reflects this trend. Few large and ornate residential properties exist in the area today. While this may reflect the demolition of such residences over time, it more likely reflects the small number that were constructed. Rather, the housing stock is small, generally lacking in ornamentation, and reflective of vernacular architecture. Simple Cross-wing and Hall-Parlor forms dominate the remaining examples of the earliest housing stock. As the population of Ogden grew, the 24th Street area followed suit in the architectural forms, though maintaining the tendency toward unadorned buildings. For the most part, the Period Cottages and Bungalows of the 1910s, 1920s, and early 1930s are simple structures of an expedient and affordable nature representative of middle class owners. Transportation access also played heavily into one of the area’s most prominent commercial properties: the Mountain View Auto Court and the Ogden Livestock Exchange. The Mountain View motor lodge on the south side of 24th Street at 563 West was constructed in the 1930s by Camilo J. Bertagnolli (Southworth 1987). It was one of the few large-scale commercial undertakings during the throes of the Great Depression. Bertagnolli established the property as a “complete-service complex for travelers” (Southworth 1987); in addition to lodging, the facility provided a barber and hair salon, a grocery store, service station, and post office. The development of the property in the 1930s reflected the new but growing popularity and accessibility of automobiles and the associated road-trip craze that had been spurred by the earlier completion of the Lincoln Highway across the country. Although the Lincoln Highway itself did not pass through Ogden, it did generate automobile tourism for the community. The Ogden Livestock Exchange and its associated Union Stock Yard was a large development located north of 24th Street and between the Ogden Rail Yard and the various railroad tracks leading into it from the north and west. The Exchange was started as a simple stock yard as early the 1900 and was founded as a livestock show and auction as early as 1918 (Sometrails.com 2012). As the Exchange grew in prominence both locally and nationally, particularly during the 1920s and 1930s, more related commercial enterprises were established nearby. These in turn provided new jobs and drew increasing numbers of residents to the adjacent neighborhood. Residential development in the West Ogden/24th Street area peaked in the 1940s and 1950s, much as it did elsewhere along the Wasatch Front because of the wartime economic boom. Development during this period occurred through a combination of tear-downs of older buildings and infilling of undeveloped properties. While non-residential development in the area increased during the 1960s, residential development decreased substantially and was almost solely reflective of subdividing of former agricultural properties. Today, little development is occurring in the area, and the lands once occupied by operations such as the Union Stock Yard stand vacant and derelict, prompting Ogden City leaders to identify the area for special designation to spur future economic development. Railroading and Industrial Development The Transcontinental Railroad officially arrived in Utah by way of Echo Summit the last week of December, 1868. The first Union Pacific (UP) train arrived in Ogden on March 8, 1869 (Strack 1997). While the UP line was being constructed, the Central Pacific, originating in Sacramento, was moving eastward. Both railroad companies were operating with grants under the 1862 Pacific Railway Act, and Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 9 right of way was being granted according to how much construction was completed. The government mandated that a meeting point be established by the two companies. Promontory Point, north of Ogden, was agreed upon, and on May 10, 1869 an official telegraph was sent stating that the connection was complete (Strack 2012). Within a week of the ceremony commemorating the junction of the UP and Central Pacific lines at Promontory Point, ground breaking for a railway connecting Ogden to the Transcontinental Railroad and then south to Salt Lake City had begun. Brigham Young, entrepreneur and then-president of the LDS Church, established the Utah Central Railway Company and oversaw the construction of the rail line in late May of 1869 when he realized that the UP and Central Pacific lines were to be routed north of the Great Salt Lake. The UP provided the equipment and track to construct the line as “payment-in-kind” for the Utah Central Railway Company providing labor to grade a portion of the UP line. The Utah Central line was completed in early January 1870, connecting the largest city between Denver and San Francisco to the transcontinental line and to Ogden. The line extended west from Ogden along a route north of 24th Street and through the Ogden Business Exchange area and proposed EDA. It then turned south toward Salt Lake City. The location of the Transcontinental Railroad junction at Promontory Point left something to be desired with regards to the usefulness of the location relative to established population centers and both worker and commercial support for the rail line. By 1874, junction-related rail activity was relocated to Ogden and centralized in the Ogden Rail Yard just east of the proposed Business Exchange and designated EDA. Four years later, with the routes in and out of the Ogden Rail Yard changing to accommodate the relocation of the junction, the UP gained control of the Utah Central Railway Company’s assets through a consolidation of shares in the company held by UP officers and directors and the acquisition of shares sold by Brigham Young (Strack 1997:13). The arrival of the Denver & Rio Grande Western (D&RGW) in Ogden in May of 1883 was another substantial connection to the east. Entering the state from the east and following present day I-70 corridor to Green River, Utah, the D&RGW headed north through Price and into Utah Valley at Spanish Fork. Initially constructed as a narrow gauge design, a third standard gauge rail was quickly added. The arrival of the D&RGW brought yet another rail company to the area. In 1888, the Ogden Union Railway & Depot Company was established and brought all rail companies operating to Ogden together under one roof. This addition to the railroad complex made Ogden one of the largest railroad centers in the west (Strack 1997:33). From the turn of the century on, the booming economies of the west created high volumes of traffic on the rail lines. Eventually, added traffic from the 1905 San Pedro, Los Angeles & Salt Lake Railroad began to overload the lines. The single track between Ogden and Salt Lake was converted to double track in 1912 to ease the congestion. With the addition of the second track, routes to the mainline were changed, and the Utah Central line near 24th Street was relegated to branch line status and became known as the Evona Branch. The line served the Ogden Sugar Company (later Amalgamated Sugar) factory near present-day 24th Street and I-15. It later served what is now the Farmers Grain Cooperative silos and processing plant west of I-15, and a spur line was constructed to the south around 1920 when the Sperry flour company built its flour plant and grain elevators near 29th Street and Pacific Avenue, south of the EDA boundary. As noted previously, the presence of the rail industry in the Ogden area greatly influenced the development of the West Ogden/24th Street area. This influence was particularly pronounced in the area’s industrial development. Because of the confluence of the many railroads at the Ogden Rail Yard only a mile or two to the east and the cost efficiency of being located so near a transcontinental rail junction, many industries located in the largely undeveloped land of West Ogden. Industrial Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 10 development in the area began in earnest in the early 1900s, when efficiencies in rail transport increased the cost effectiveness of freight transportation. As each industrial entity established its facilities in the area, spur lines were built to connect them to the main rail lines running into and out of Ogden. Early among the area’s industrial developers was the Adams Nursery and Tin Can Manufacturing Company started around 1900 at the west end of 24th Street, just east of present-day I-15. In 1903, the company reorganized as the Wasatch Gardens and Orchard Canning Company (UtahRails.net 2012). The operation both manufactured tin cans and canned vegetables and fruit. The facility changed hands 10 years later and then was resold in 1914 to the Utah Packing Company, a subsidiary of the California Packing Company, which later became Del Monte, Inc. (UtahRails.net 2012). Del Monte operated the facility as a canning factory until the mid-1970s, at which time they sold it. Most of the buildings remain today. One of the most impressive – at least in terms of size – industrial facilities in the 24th Street area is the Farmer’s Grain Cooperative facility located between Midland Drive and Pennsylvania Avenue, west of I15. The Cooperative was a bit of a late-comer in the industrial history of the area. According to the 1950 Sanborn Fire Insurance Company maps for the area, the first grain elevators—the northeastern set—were constructed in 1941. The second set—the southwestern structure—was built in 1946, and the last set—the southeastern set—was built in 1948. Over the years, this facility served as one of a very few similar facilities throughout the Intermountain West where grain storage and shipping were carried out by the Cooperative. The rail lines through the 24th Street area and the proximity of the area to Ogden Rail Yard and transcontinental junction also played a significant role in the development of the West Ogden area as a thriving livestock industry center between the early- and mid-1900s. The railroad became a prominent feature of the Union Stock Yard and the Ogden Livestock Exchange, which are discussed in greater detail in the section below on Agriculture and Livestock. Throughout the 20th century, rail traffic through Ogden would continue to grow, with trains carrying livestock, agricultural goods, mining ores, salt, passengers, and a wide variety of other items. As of 1996, Ogden yard was operated solely by Union Pacific but remained a hub of railroad activity (Strack 1997:42). Agriculture and Livestock Agriculture had formed the economic basis of Ogden and its surrounding communities since their founding. In the early days of settlement—prior to the completion of rail connections between local market centers along Utah’s Wasatch Front and with outside regional and national markets—agriculture was an imperative as a personal and communal subsistence activity. Farm plots and herding grounds dotted the landscaped and provided essential resources for personal consumption and barter. The importance of being able to produce one’s own agricultural products, along with the need for potable water, prompted most of the early settlement in Ogden to occur in the foothills of the nearby mountains along the floodplains of the area’s rivers and streams. The lands of the 24th Street neighborhood, being located on a bench above the Weber River, were not ideal for irrigation agriculture; however, the lands north of the bench along the river and west of the area in the broad, flat valley east of the Great Salt Lake, contained fertile but dry soils. The lure of the open land and the rich soils resulted in the establishment of numerous rural settlements in the area. The critical role of subsistence agriculture in supporting and sustaining these nascent settlements spurred the construction of a vast irrigation network that carried water from the rivers and streams of the Ogden area to the lands west of Ogden. Among the early canals that spanned the landscape and carried vital Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 11 irrigation water to the rural settlements were the Wilson Canal and the Hooper Canal, both of which passed through the proposed Business Exchange area. The Hooper Canal was constructed in 1869 to take water from the Weber River to the community of Muskrat Springs (now Hooper) (Westwater et al. 2012:40). The canal headed on the river at a point just north of Exchange Road and followed the north side of the road westerly to the community of Hooper. In 1963, as part of the Weber Basin Project, the portion of the canal where it headed on the Weber River was relocated to connect to the newly completed Layton Canal further to the north and west (Sadler and Roberts 1994:186). The segment of the canal along Exchange Road was subsequently abandoned. The canal remains in use today, but the segment that was present along Exchange Road is no longer part of the operational system. The Wilson Canal was constructed in 1879 with the formation of the Wilson Irrigation Company (Sadler and Roberts 1994:106). The canal, which is still in use today, begins at a diversion on the Weber River under what is now the 24th Street viaduct. It then follows the south side of Exchange Road along a northwesterly alignment before trending west and southwest to reach the historical communities of Wilson, Hooper, and Kanesville. These two canals played a significant role in allowing the rural communities west of Ogden to not only survive but to thrive and expand into agricultural centers that exist today in the form of modern agribusiness. The livestock industry in the Ogden area, as a separate consideration from irrigation farming, began on a large and industrial scale with the first U.S. Cattlemen’s Congress meeting, a national conference, held in 1892; prior to this, the rearing of livestock had largely been conducted on a subsistence level or for small-scale local sale. Around 1900, the Ogden Packing and Supply Company (later known as the Ogden Packing and Provision Company and then the American Packing and Provision Company) set up a small stock yard north of 24th Street and west of the Weber River and the Ogden Rail Yard (Roberts and Sadler 1997:234). In 1906 the company added a meat packing plant nearby, but to the east of the river. Drawing on the presence of the vast rail network in the area, Ogden soon became a center of meat packing in the West and was the western hub for the transportation, feeding, and marketing of livestock during World War I. As demand for meat and poultry products grew in response to the war effort and the burgeoning population of the West, the Ogden Packing and Supply Company quickly became the largest packing house west of Omaha (Roberts and Sadler 1997). The stock yard nearby grew into a sprawling complex of pens, barns, and loading chutes known as the Union Stock Yard. Ogden’s central location in the West and its position as a railroad junction were crucial to its growth as a livestock center. With federal regulations of the 1910s and 1920s requiring the feeding and watering of livestock a minimum of once every 36 hours during transit, large stockyards near rail lines were necessary to accommodate the high volume of animals being transported throughout the nation. Ogden’s position at the junction of multiple rail lines serving all sectors of the country made it ideal as a key feeding and watering location. While cattle formed the initial basis of the livestock industry in West Ogden, sheep soon took over the mantle as the most important commodity. At one point, Ogden became the center of the West’s largest sheep slaughtering operations. By 1917, the Ogden Packing and Provision Company plant was processing 1250 hogs, 1500 sheep and 300 cattle a day, and by 1919, the Union Stock Yard saw “shipments” of between 3,000 and 5,000 animals per day via rail spur lines that ran through the central and northern portions of the yard and connected to the nearby Ogden Rail Yard (Murphy 1996; Roberts and Sadler 1997:240). By 1929, Ogden had become the largest livestock market west of Denver (UtahRails.net 2012). Most rail traffic serving the stock yards came from the east via the UP railroad, while a much smaller volume of traffic came from the west via the D&RGW railroad. Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 12 Around 1919, Lester F. Whitlock, Charles H. Barton, and Jesse S. Richards, who were are local entrepreneurs or were otherwise engaged in the stock yards, established the first Ogden Livestock Show, which later became known as the Livestock Exchange (Balle 1992). The show was essentially an auction. Following its founding, the Exchange grew into a large regional livestock center with a separate auction building (referred to as the Golden Spike Coliseum), stock yards, and architect-designed buildings. Between 1926 and 1931 a substantial construction project was undertaken to construct new facilities at the site. Noted Utah architect Leslie Hodgson, who had studied for a time with Frank Lloyd Wright, was hired to design several new buildings that would later become the architectural show pieces of the Union Stock Yard. Among these buildings were the famed “coliseum”, which was completed 1926 and featured an auction space as wells as a dance floor, conference room, offices, and a restaurant (Balle 1992). This building was followed by the Sheep Barn, built in 1930, and the Art Deco-style Exchange Building, completed in 1931. Of these three hallmark buildings, only the Exchange Building remains intact today. The livestock industry remained strong through World War II, as the war-time demand for meat products by the U.S. military was high. After World War II, the overall demand for livestock products began to slowly decline. The expanding trend of trucking livestock directly from farms further weakened the industry. The Union Stock Yard complex remained a prominent regional enterprise into the early 1960s, at which time the auction dwindled, the facility was finally closed as an industrial enterprise. In subsequent years the property was used for small-scale, local livestock shows, 4-H activities, and similar events. By the 1990s, the property had been largely abandoned for livestock use. Over the last decade, general deterioration and intentional dismantling and demolition have removed many of the standing structures at the site. FIELD METHODS Certus applied field survey methods accepted by the Utah SHPO and other agencies in Utah. These methods include intensive-level survey for archaeological resources using parallel transects spaced no greater than 15 meters (50 feet) apart and selective reconnaissance-level survey for historical buildings and structures. Prior to the commencement of fieldwork, Sara Meess from the City met with staff from the SHPO to agree upon the approach to resource documentation. Based on these discussions, Certus applied intensive-level archaeological survey methods across the entirety of the survey area. Because nearly all, if not all, historical buildings in the survey area had been documented between 2010 and 2012 as part of the Interstate 15/24th Street interchange project (Ellis 2012), the City and SHPO staff agreed to a two-pronged approach to assessing these buildings relative to the current undertaking. In the APE for the Business Exchange, all previously documented buildings were revisited and examined to determine if any notable changes to their records, particularly changes that could affect the eligibility of a building for the NRHP, had been made. If such changes had occurred, the record for the property was to be updated. If no such changes had occurred, the existing record would be used for the purpose of assessing NRHP eligibility and determining project effects. Any historical buildings in the Business Exchange area that had not been previously documented were to be newly documented at a reconnaissance level using Section 106 Short Forms. In the rest of the survey area, review of current condition relative to existing documentation for each property was not required. Rather, only historical buildings for which no prior record exists were to be documented, and these properties were to be described at a reconnaissance level. Archaeological resources encountered during the survey were documented on Intermountain Antiquities Computer System (IMACS) site forms. Locational information for cultural resources was obtained using a handheld GPS unit capable of sub-meter accuracy. Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 13 The National Park Service (NPS), which administers the NRHP, sets forth criteria for evaluating the eligibility of cultural resources for the NRHP (NPS 2002). The NPS has also issued criteria considerations for cultural resources that have achieved significance within the past 50 years (NPS 2002). These considerations hold that certain types of resources and resources under 50 years old are not eligible for listing on the NRHP unless special criteria are met. For the purpose of the undertaking, Certus employed a 50-year cutoff date (i.e., created during or prior to 1964) to identify cultural resources to be documented and evaluated for the NRHP and for anticipated project effects. No resources that appear to qualify for the criteria considerations for resources less than 50 years old were identified in the survey area. The NPS defines five cultural resource types that can be listed on the NRHP. These resource types are buildings, sites, districts, structures, and objects (NPS 2002). For the purpose of this project, the following criteria set forth by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), and adopted by most regulatory agencies in Utah, were used to define resources as an archaeological site:  At least 10 artifacts of a single class (e.g., 10 sherds) within a 10-meter diameter area, except when all pieces appear to originate from a single source (e.g., one ceramic pot or one glass bottle)  At least 15 artifacts that include at least 2 classes of artifact types (e.g., sherds, nails, glass) within a 10-meter area  One or more archaeological features in temporal association with any number of artifacts  Two or more temporally associated archaeological features without artifacts Canals and railroads, such as those present in the survey area, are classified as structures under the NPS categories but documented in Utah SHPO records using archaeological sites forms. Cultural resources not meeting the criteria of a building, site, district, or structure, and not constituting an object designed for a specific location (NPS 2002), were documented as isolated occurrences. RESOURCE EVALUATION METHODS Certus employed regulatory standard methods for evaluating the historical significance of cultural resources encountered during the field inventory. To that end, Certus evaluated all identified cultural resources for their eligibility for listing on the NRHP. The evaluation considered the four criteria of the NRHP as listed in 36 CFR 60.4 and followed the guidelines issued by the NPS in Bulletin 15, How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation (NPS 2002). The NRHP criteria state that a resource may be considered eligible for listing on the NRHP if it: Criterion A – is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history; OR Criterion B – is associated with the lives of persons significant in our past; OR Criterion C – embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction; OR Criterion D – has yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history. Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 14 Resources considered potentially eligible for the NRHP pursuant to one of the above criteria are also to be assessed for integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association. To be eligible for listing on the NRHP, the resource must possess integrity of those elements directly related to the criterion or criteria under which it would be determined eligible. Utah-Specific Considerations for Buildings In Utah, all historic buildings documented at a reconnaissance-level are also evaluated using a rating system established by the Historic Preservation program at the SHPO. This rating system assigns one of four ratings to buildings based on the degree to which they retain historical and architectural integrity. These ratings are as follows: ES - Eligible/Significant: built within the historic period and retains integrity; excellent example of a style or type; unaltered or only minor alterations or additions; individually eligible for the [NRHP] under criterion "C"; also buildings of known historical significance. EC - Eligible/Contributing: built within the historic period and retains integrity; good example of a style or type, but not as well-preserved or well-executed as "ES" buildings; more substantial alterations or additions than "ES" buildings, though overall integrity is retained; eligible for [the NRHP] as part of a potential historic district or primarily for historical, rather than architectural, reasons. NC - Ineligible/Non-Contributing: built during the historic period but has had major alterations or additions; no longer retains integrity. OP - Ineligible/Out-of-period: constructed outside the historic period. The interaction between the UDSH ratings system and the criteria of the NRHP focuses on NRHP Criteria A and C and UDSH ratings ES and EC. Buildings assigned a UDSH rating of "ES" are considered eligible for listing under NRHP both Criteria A and C (Giraud 2007). Buildings assigned a UDSH rating of "EC" are considered eligible for the NRHP under Criterion A only (Giraud 2007). Historical Boundaries To evaluate potential impacts to historic properties resulting from implementation of the proposed undertaking, appropriate historical boundaries must be established. National Register Bulletin 21, Defining Boundaries for National Register Properties (Seifert et al. 1997), offers guidance on how to establish such boundaries. The Bulletin offers the following recommendations for defining property boundaries associated with historical buildings:  Select boundaries that encompass the entire resource, including both historic and modern additions. Include surrounding land historically associated with the resource that retains integrity and contributes to the property's historic significance.  Use the legally recorded parcel number or lot lines for urban and suburban properties that retain their historic boundaries and integrity.  For small rural properties, select boundaries that encompass significant resources, including outbuildings and the associated setting.  For larger rural properties, select boundaries that include fields, forests, and open rangeland that is historically associated with the property and conveys the property's historic setting. The areas included must have integrity and contribute to the property's historic significance. Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 15 In cases of the historical buildings present in the survey area, historical boundaries were established during their previous documentation. For archaeological resources and newly documented structures, boundaries were defined according to the guidelines noted above. FINDINGS Certus identified one isolated occurrence, two historical canals, one historical railroad, one archaeological site, and 87 historical buildings in the survey area. Descriptions of these findings are discussed below. The locations of the isolated occurrences and archaeological resources are provided on Figures 4 and 5. The locations of historical buildings present in the survey area are illustrated on Figure 6, following the discussion of the archaeological sites. Of the identified cultural resources, the two canals, the archaeological site, and 23 historical buildings are located in the Business Exchange APE. The isolated occurrence, railroad, and 64 historical buildings are located in the broader survey area. Isolated Occurrences One isolated occurrence (IO-01) was documented in the survey area. IO-01 is a stone retaining wall located on the east side of B Avenue, approximately 18 meters (60 feet) north of 24th Street. The wall ranges from in height from approximate 2-1/2 feet to 6 feet and is tapered on the north end. It consists of uncoursed (random) and undressed rounded and subangular cobbles of various materials. The stones are mortared in place with concrete. The top of the wall is capped with a rounded concrete coping. The feature appears to have been constructed to retain the soils to its east to help create a flat residential or commercial yard adjacent to B Avenue, which is a sub-grade (depressed grade) road in the vicinity of the wall. Canals, Railroads, and Archaeological Sites Three historical structural sites (two canals and a railroad) and one archaeological site were identified in the survey area. These sites are 42WB351 (the Wilson Canal), 42WB353 (the Utah Central/Union Pacific Evona Branch Railroad), 42WB425 (the Hooper Canal), and 42W509 (the Union Stockyard). Descriptions of the resources and recommendations for their eligibility to the NRHP are provided below. Sites 42WB351, 42WB425, and 42WB509 are located in the APE. The northern edge of site 42WB353 forms the southern boundary of the APE. 42WB351, Wilson Canal Site 42WB351 is the Wilson Canal, an irrigation canal that begins on the Weber River at 24th Street in Ogden and trends west and southwest to serve farmlands in the Wilson, Hooper, and Kanesville areas. The main canal was constructed in 1879 with the formation of the Wilson Irrigation Company (Sadler and Roberts 1994:106). Two additional branch canals the North and South branches, were constructed off the main canal sometime prior to 1903. In the APE, the main branch of the canal follows the south side of Exchange Road, trending northwesterly from the diversion weir on the Weber River under the 24th Street viaduct. The segment of the canal documented for the current undertaking measures approximately 966 meters (3,170 feet) long IO-01, stone retaining wall; view to the southeast Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 16 Figure 4. Archaeological survey results for the Business Exchange/EDA Project (Map 1) Survey Area APE Historical Railroad Archaeological Site Isolated Occurrence Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 17 Figure 5. Archaeological survey results for the Business Exchange/EDA Project (Map 2) Survey Area APE Historical Railroad Archaeological Site Isolated Occurrence Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 18 and included three historical features. The canal is earthen lined and, in most locations, has a broad U-shaped cross-section. It averages approximately 2.4 meters (8 feet) wide across the base and 4.8-6 meters (16-20 feet) wide across the top along the documented segment. The depth of the canal in this area was approximately 1.2 meters (4 feet). The three historical features along the documented segment include a check dam (Feature 1), a check gate (Feature 2), and a turn-out/headgate (Feature 3). The check dam is located near the eastern end of the documented segment, a short distance west of the weir that diverts water into the canal; the weir itself appears to have been replaced (reconstructed) sometime in the last 10-20 years. The check dam consists of a concrete gate frame with five metal gates. Just past (east of) the check dam, the canal passes under an adjacent railroad (Site 42WB353) via a pair of dressed stone culverts. These culverts are a feature of the railroad rather than the canal and were documented as part of the railroad site. The historical check gate is located near the center of the documented segment and consists of simple concrete walls constricting the canal channel. The historical turn-out/headgate is located near the western end of the documented canal segment, at a point where the canal turns to the southwest. The turn-out consists of a low concrete check dam and a separate side channel with a large, metal-framed, single-screw headgate. The headgate lets water flow into a much smaller lateral ditch that appears to continue west along the south side of Exchange Road. Site 42WB351, the Wilson Canal—NRHP Recommendation Site 42WB351, the Wilson Canal, has been determined eligible for the NRHP under Criterion A as a result of previous assessments; the canal system is considered to have played a significant role in the early settlement and agricultural development of the rural communities west of Ogden. The segment of the canal documented as part of the current undertaking retains integrity of location, design, materials, workmanship, setting, feeling, and association and supports the overall eligibility of the canal site. As such, Certus recommends the segment and its associated historical features be considered contributing to the eligibility of the canal site. 42WB353, Utah Central/Union Pacific Evona Branch Railroad Site 42WB353 is the historical Utah Central/Union Pacific Evona Branch Railroad. It passes through the current survey area along a roughly east-west alignment between 24th Street and Exchange Road. Near the western edge of the survey area, the railroad splits into the Evona branch and a spur line to the historical grain elevators to the south of 24th Street. The spur line turns south and follows G Avenue to the elevators. The Evona branch trends to the southwest and served the historical Amalgamated Sugar factory and Intermountain Farmers grain silos and processing plant west of Interstate 15. It then looped Truss bridge along historical rail line General example of Wilson Canal in APE Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 19 around to the north and reconnected with the Union Pacific mainline in and out of Ogden’s Union Station rail yard. The original branch line was constructed in 1869 as part of the Utah Central Railway Company, owned by Brigham Young, then-president of the LDS Church. The line was later used by the Union Pacific Railroad Company, which gained control of the Utah Central Railway line in 1878 (Schweitzer 2001). The line was originally built as part of the Utah Central system that operated between Ogden and Salt Lake City, but, in 1912 the segment documented here was relegated to branch line status to serve the Ogden Sugar Company factory, which was later operated by Amalgamated Sugar, and the Intermountain Farmer grain silos and processing plant. The spur line was constructed around 1920, when the Sperry grain elevators were completed near 29th Street and Pacific Avenue. The segment of the railroad site documented for the current undertaking consists of a 1,080-meter (3,540-foot) long section of the main Evona branch and a 335-meter (1,100-foot) long section of the spur line. The branch line and spur line both consist of standard gauge rails placed upon berms of gravel ballast. The berms range from at-grade through most of the documented segment to roughly 1.8 meters (6 feet) tall near the main branch’s crossing of the Weber River. Although the rails and ties have no doubt been replaced since the original construction of the railroad, the current materials appear to date to the historical period. Two notable historical features were identified along the documented segment of this site. These features are both located near the eastern end of the documented segment and consist of a Pegram truss bridge (Feature 1) and a dressed stone, double-cell culvert that allows for the passage of the Wilson Canal under the rail bed. Both features appear to date to the earliest history of the rail line. Site 42WB353, Utah Central/Union Pacific Evona Branch—NRHP Recommendation Site 42WB353, the Utah Central/Union Pacific Evona Branch Railroad, has been determined eligible for the NRHP under Criteria A and B as a result of previous assessments. The rail line is considered to have played a significant role in the successful operations of the industrial facilities in West. These facilities, in turn, helped shaped the economic and social development of West Ogden and the broader Ogden community. The Utah Central Railway, which was the initial phase of the line under Brigham Young, was key to connecting Salt Lake City and the rest of the central Wasatch Front to the Transcontinental Railroad in the late 1800s. Although the tracks and rails themselves lack distinction as architectural or engineering features, the Pegram truss bridge and the stone culvert do exhibit such distinction. These features both merit consideration as NRHP-eligible features under Criterion C. The bridge also appears to be eligible for the NRHP on its own, independent of the rail line. Certus recommends the site be determined eligible under Criterion C, in addition to the previous determinations of eligibility under Criteria A and B, to account for the structural components of the truss bridge and stone culvert. Certus further recommends that the entire site segment documented for the current undertaking be considered contributing to the overall eligibility of the site, as the features of the segment retain integrity of location, design, setting, feeling, materials, workmanship, and association and clearly support the determination that the site is eligible for the NRHP. 42WB425, Hooper Canal Site is the 42WB425 is the Hooper Canal, an irrigation canal. The Hooper Canal was originally constructed between 1866 and 1875 to take water from the Weber River to the community of Muskrat Springs (now Hooper) (Sadler and Roberts 1994:42; Westwater et al. 2012:40). The canal headed on the river at a point just north of Exchange Road and followed the north side of the road westerly to the community of Hooper. Historical maps indicate that in the current APE, the canal was an open channel Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 20 except for a segment in front of the historical Livestock Exchange building at 600 West Exchange Road. Here the canal was placed in a large concrete box culvert, presumably to accommodate vehicle traffic associated with the Exchange Building after its construction in 1931. In 1963, as part of the Weber Basin Project, the portion of the canal where it headed on the Weber River was relocated to connect to the newly completed Layton Canal further to the north and west (Sadler and Roberts 1994:186). The segment of the canal along Exchange Road was subsequently abandoned, and the open channel was filled in. The only remaining evidence of the canal in the current APE is the concrete box culvert located in front (south) of the Exchange Building. The top of the culvert is visible in the asphalt paved and gravel shoulder of the road and the adjacent parking area associated with the Exchange Building. The visible extent of the feature measures approximately 118 meters (388 feet) long by 6 meters (20 feet) wide. Small holes in the concrete top of the box reveal its hollow nature, but the depth of the feature could not be ascertained. 42WB425, Hooper Canal—NRHP Recommendation Site 42WB425, the Hooper Canal, has been determined eligible for the NRHP under Criterion A as a result of previous assessments; the canal system is considered to have played a significant role in the early settlement and agricultural development of the rural community of Hooper and others served by the canal. The portion of the canal assessed here consists solely of a large, ca. 1930 concrete box culvert located in front of the Exchange Building. The remainder of the canal in this area was filled in during the 1960s, and all surface evidence of it, save for the box culvert, was eliminated. The culvert itself retains integrity of location, design, materials, and workmanship. However, its integrity of setting, feeling, and association has been substantially compromised by the elimination of the rest of the canal channel associated with the culvert. Although it is the last remaining physical evidence of the original route of the canal in this area, the culvert now stands as an isolated feature lacking context. As such, Certus recommends that the box culvert be considered a non-contributing element of the overall canal site. 42WB509, Union Stock Yard Site 42WB509 is the historical Union Stock Yard. The site encompasses approximately 34 acres on the north side of Exchange Road, west and south of the Weber River. The site contains 13 buildings (or the remains thereof); hundreds of wooden corrals and pens of different sizes; concrete loading chutes; concrete, metal, and wood watering troughs; remnants of electrical infrastructure; an underground drain or water pipe system; and concrete foundations. Most of the property is paved with concrete, portions of which exhibit a square or diamond surface pattern to mark primary walkways between facilities. Many of the buildings, pens, and other structures at the site have been partially or wholly demolished. Push piles of structural debris are common across the site. Although many historical features of the site, including the rail spur lines that once passed through the center of the site and formed its northernmost Top of box culvert looking toward Exchange Building Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 21 operational boundary, have been demolished, the bulk of the site features remain sufficiently intact that one can easily tell the overall design, plan, and intent of the property. The property has also been used for storage of military surplus and related materials, which are spread across the site, tucked into buildings, etc. These materials, though historical in the age of manufacture, are not considered part of the site. No individual artifacts were documented as part of the site record. No artifacts beyond structural debris and piles of sanitary cans of dubious age were observed at the site, and these materials do not appear to be in primary context. Due to the extensive dismantling of features and re-use of the site for purposes unrelated to the site’s original function, any artifacts found at the site should be considered with caution as to their provenience. The Union Stock Yard was started in the late 1800s, a few years after the first Cattlemen’s Congress in the United States, which was held in Ogden (Balle 1992). The stock yard started as a few small barns and pens but rapidly expanded into a sprawling complex of numerous buildings and hundreds of pens, loading chutes, corrals, and other features. The first Ogden Livestock Show was held on the property in 1919 (Balle 1992). With the implementation of federal regulations in the 1920s and 1930s requiring the feeding and watering of livestock a minimum of once every 36 hours during transit, large stockyards near rail lines were necessary to accommodate the high volume of animals being transported throughout the nation. Ogden’s position at the junction of multiple rail lines serving all sectors of the country made it ideal as a key feeding and watering location. By 1929, Ogden had become the largest livestock market west of Denver (UtahRails.net 2012), and the Union Stock Yard saw tens of thousands of sheep, cattle, and other livestock pass through annually. Most of the landmark buildings at the stock yard were constructed during the late 1920s and early 1930s; among these were the “coliseum”, sheep barn, and the Exchange Building (600 West Exchange Road). Only the Exchange Building remains standing today. During the post-World War II era, when long-haul trucking replaced railroads as the preferred means of transporting livestock across the country, the Union Stock Yards fell out of favor and their use declined rapidly. By the 1970s most of the buildings on the property and many of the other structures had fallen into disrepair or had been intentionally dismantled or relocated off the property (Balle 1992). 42WB509, Union Stock Yard—NRHP Recommendation Certus recommends site 42WB509, the Union Stock Yard, as eligible for the NRHP under Criterion A. During its heyday, the Union Stock Yard was a key fixture in largest livestock market west of Denver. The activities at the yard brought Ogden national attention as a livestock center. The rise of the livestock shows, auctions, etc. at the site spurred the local and regional livestock industry, thereby physically shaping the development of the agricultural landscape both near and far. The site retains integrity of location and sufficient integrity of design, workmanship, Overview of stock yard site; looking north Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 22 materials, setting, feeling, and association to convey its connection to the historical period and its function. The Union Stock Yard site does not appear to be eligible for the NRHP under Criteria B, C, or D. The stock yards were started as an ancillary facility by local businessmen to support the local meat packing industry, which had facilities nearby. Though active in many enterprises these men were not particularly important in local history as it relates to the ultimate expression of the Union Stock Yard. Over the years, many prominent individuals were associated with livestock shows at the property, and Leslie Hodgson, an important Utah architect designed many of the iconic buildings once present at the site. However, due to demolition and re-use, the site no longer conveys the association with the livestock shows (which were held in the now-demolished coliseum building). The association with Hodgson is held only by the Exchange Building, which is also documented as a stand-alone property; while the stock yard provides context to the building, the yard itself does not convey a specific relationship to Hodgson. Similarly, none of the buildings or structures remaining at the site—save for the Exchange Building—reflect any notable architectural or engineering distinction; that is, the site as a whole lacks such distinction, but the Exchange Building would qualify for listing on the NRHP under Criterion C by itself. Finally, due to demolition and re-use of the site, the provenience of any cultural materials or cultural deposits at the site is dubious at best. This is particularly complicated by the introduction of World War II era surplus items to the site. As such, Certus recommends the site be considered ineligible for the NRHP under Criteria B, C, and D. Historical Buildings The survey area encompasses 75 properties containing 87 historical buildings (primary structures or substantive outbuildings). Of these, 12 properties containing 23 buildings are located in the Business Exchange APE and 63 properties with 64 buildings are located in the broader survey area, excluding the APE. Figure 6 illustrates the locations of the documented historical buildings. Table 1 summarizes the historical buildings in the Business Exchange APE, and Table 2 summarizes the historical buildings in the broader survey area. Since most of the buildings in both the Business Exchange area and EDA were previously documented and procedural agreements for the current undertaking (see the Methods section of this report) allow for use of existing data for these buildings, the tables below contain abbreviated architectural descriptions for all buildings, except for those for which previous evaluations have not been made. Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 23 Figure 6. Results of historical buildings survey; Ogden Business Exchange and Economic Development Area Survey Area Business Exchange APE ES/Eligible–Significant EC/Eligible–Contributing NC/Ineligible–Non-Contributing Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 24 Table 1. Buildings in the Business Exchange APE Address Approx. Date Built Description SHPO Rating & NRHP Determinations Historical Boundary1 Photo 2325 S. B Ave. c. 1945 One-story 1-Part Block building exhibiting Post-WWII: Other style EC-rating Eligible Current legal parcel boundary 2332 S. B Ave. c. 1930/ 1960 One-story 1-Part Block commercial building exhibiting Early 20th Century Commercial and Late 20th Century: Other styles NC-rating Ineligible N/A 2293 S. C Ave. c. 1890 One-and-a-half-story Side Passage/Entry dwelling exhibiting Other style NC-rating Ineligible N/A 2301 S. C Ave. c. 1930 One-story Other Residential Type residence exhibiting vernacular style EC-rating Eligible Current legal parcel boundary 1 For ES- and EC-rated/Eligible properties only. Boundary used to assess impacts to eligible properties. Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 25 Table 1. Buildings in the Business Exchange APE Address Approx. Date Built Description SHPO Rating & NRHP Determinations Historical Boundary1 Photo 2303 S. C Ave. c. 1915 One-story Bungalow exhibiting Bungalow style EC-rating Eligible Current legal parcel boundary 2307 S. C Ave. c. 1920 One-story Bungalow exhibiting Bungalow and Prairie School styles EC-rating Eligible Current legal parcel boundary 2311 S. C Ave. c. 1910 One-story Cross-wing residence exhibiting Victorian Eclectic and vernacular styles EC-rating Eligible Current legal parcel boundary 2315 S. C Ave. c. 1910 One-story Foursquare residence exhibiting Victorian Eclectic style EC-rating Eligible Current legal parcel boundary Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 26 Table 1. Buildings in the Business Exchange APE Address Approx. Date Built Description SHPO Rating & NRHP Determinations Historical Boundary1 Photo 2301 S. E Ave. c. 1945 One-story Other type building exhibiting no particular style; possible relocated barracks NC-rating Ineligible N/A 550 W. Exchange Rd. Twelve (12) buildings are present on this property. 550 W. Bldg. 01 c. 1940 One-story lean-to type shed exhibiting no particular style; clad in drop siding; no notable alterations; houses electrical boxes EC-rating Eligible Building only; property documented as archaeological site 550 W. Bldg. 02 c. 1960 One-story lean-to type shed exhibiting no particular style; clad in drop siding; wood sheet and stucco; alterations include modern doors and application of modern aluminum siding to soffits NC-rating Ineligible N/A 550 W. Bldg. 03 c. 1980 Single-wide trailer home exhibiting no particular style; relocated to property and placed on existing foundation Out-of-Period Ineligible N/A Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 27 Table 1. Buildings in the Business Exchange APE Address Approx. Date Built Description SHPO Rating & NRHP Determinations Historical Boundary1 Photo 550 W. Bldg. 04 c. 1940 Two-story Other type building exhibiting Other style; clad in asbestos shingles; alterations include an out-of-period addition on east elevation and new windows throughout NC-rating Ineligible N/A 550 W. Bldg. 05 c. 1955 One-story lean-to type former shop building exhibiting Post-WWII: Other style; clad in concrete block and drop siding; alterations include partial dismantling EC-rating Eligible Building only; property documented as archaeological site 550 W. Bldg. 06 c. 1940 One-story barn exhibiting Other style; clad in corrugated metal sheet and tongue-and-groove siding; alterations include boarding up of window and door openings EC-rating Eligible Building only; property documented as archaeological site 550 W. Bldg. 07 c. 1960 One-story canopy style structure exhibiting no particular style; canopy clad in smooth metal sheets and supported by steel I-beams; no alterations noted EC-rating Eligible Building only; property documented as archaeological site Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 28 Table 1. Buildings in the Business Exchange APE Address Approx. Date Built Description SHPO Rating & NRHP Determinations Historical Boundary1 Photo 550 W. Bldg. 08 c. 1940 One-story 1-Part Block building exhibiting Other style; clad in concrete block; no alterations noted EC-rating Eligible Building only; property documented as archaeological site 550 W. Bldg. 09 c. 1940 One-story barn/shed building exhibiting Other style; clad in corrugated sheet metal; alterations generally limited to covering of several window openings with corrugated metal EC-rating Eligible Building only; property documented as archaeological site 550 W. Bldg. 10 c. 1955 One-and-a-half-story building of indeterminate type exhibiting Post-WWII: Other style; clad in concrete block and vertical plank siding; alterations consist of partial dismantling and removal of several windows and doors NC-rating Ineligible N/A 550 W. Bldg. 11 c. 1940 One-story barn/shed exhibiting Other style; clad in drop siding; alterations limited to boarding up of several window openings and the addition of two canopy structures (one prior to 1950 and one after) EC-rating Eligible Building only; property documented as archaeological site Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 29 Table 1. Buildings in the Business Exchange APE Address Approx. Date Built Description SHPO Rating & NRHP Determinations Historical Boundary1 Photo 550 W. Bldg. 12 c. 1930 Ruins of one-story barn/outbuilding (former Sheep Barn) exhibiting no particular style; clad in regular brick and drop siding; almost completely demolished ca. 2013 NC-rating Ineligible N/A 600 W. Exchange Rd. c. 1930 Two-story Other Public/Commercial building exhibiting Art Deco style This building associated with property at 550 W. Exchange Rd. ES-rating Eligible Current legal parcel boundary 610 W. Exchange Rd. c. 1945 Bldg. 1 – This building has been demolished since it was last documented. Bldg. 2 – This building has been demolished or relocated since it was last documented. Bldg. 3 – Two-story Other type building exhibiting vernacular style; clad in corrugated metal siding; alterations limited to in-period additions to the side elevations. EC-rating Eligible Current legal parcel boundary Bldg. 3 Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 30 Table 2. Buildings in the EDA Survey Area, excluding the Business Exchange APE Address Approx. Date Built Description SHPO Rating & NRHP Determinations Historical Boundary2 Photo 2364 S. B Ave. c. 1950 One-story 1-Part Block commercial building exhibiting Early 20th Century Commercial style NC-rating Ineligible N/A 2336 S. D Ave. c. 1940 One-half-story Basement House dwelling exhibiting Late 20th Century: Other style NC-rating Ineligible N/A 2345 S. D Ave. c. 1925 One-story Bungalow dwelling exhibiting vernacular style NC-rating Ineligible N/A 2348 S. D Ave. c. 1910 One-story Bungalow dwelling exhibiting Bungalow style NC-rating Ineligible N/A 2 For Eligible properties only. Boundary used to assess impacts to eligible properties. Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 31 Table 2. Buildings in the EDA Survey Area, excluding the Business Exchange APE Address Approx. Date Built Description SHPO Rating & NRHP Determinations Historical Boundary2 Photo 2352 S. D Ave. c. 1925 One-story Other Residential Type dwelling exhibiting vernacular style EC-rating Eligible Current legal parcel boundary 2354 S. D Ave. c. 1945 One-story Other Residential Type dwelling exhibiting vernacular style NC-rating Ineligible N/A 2355 S. D Ave. c. 1935 One-story World War II Era Cottage dwelling exhibiting Minimal Traditional style NC-rating Ineligible N/A 2367 S. D Ave. c. 1940 One-story World War II Era Cottage dwelling exhibiting Minimal Traditional style EC-rating Eligible Current legal parcel boundary Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 32 Table 2. Buildings in the EDA Survey Area, excluding the Business Exchange APE Address Approx. Date Built Description SHPO Rating & NRHP Determinations Historical Boundary2 Photo 2369 S. D Ave. c. 1940 One-story World War II Era Cottage dwelling exhibiting Minimal Traditional style NC-rating Ineligible N/A 2350 S. E Ave. c. 1905 One-story Central-Block-with-Projecting-Bays dwelling exhibiting vernacular style EC-rating Eligible Current legal parcel boundary 2355 S. E Ave. c. 1935 One-story Duplex dwelling exhibiting Period Revival: Other style EC-rating Eligible Current legal parcel boundary 2360 S. E Ave. c. 1915 One-story Bungalow dwelling exhibiting Bungalow and muted Prairie School styles EC-rating Eligible Current legal parcel boundary Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 33 Table 2. Buildings in the EDA Survey Area, excluding the Business Exchange APE Address Approx. Date Built Description SHPO Rating & NRHP Determinations Historical Boundary2 Photo 2364 S. E Ave. c. 1895 One-and-a-half-story Cross-wing dwelling exhibiting Victorian Eclectic style EC-rating Eligible Current legal parcel boundary 2372 S. E Ave. c. 1920 One-story Bungalow dwelling exhibiting Bungalow and Prairie School styles EC-rating Eligible Current legal parcel boundary 2354 S. F Ave. c. 1945 One-story World War II Era Cottage dwelling exhibiting Minimal Traditional and Period Revival: Other styles EC-rating Eligible Current legal parcel boundary 2366 S. F Ave. c. 1945 One-story Early Ranch dwelling exhibiting Minimal Traditional and Early Ranch styles EC-rating Eligible Current legal parcel boundary Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 34 Table 2. Buildings in the EDA Survey Area, excluding the Business Exchange APE Address Approx. Date Built Description SHPO Rating & NRHP Determinations Historical Boundary2 Photo 2388 S. F Ave. c. 1955 One-story Duplex dwelling exhibiting Ranch/Rambler style NC-rating Ineligible N/A 658 W. Cahoon Street c. 1945 One-story Early Ranch dwelling exhibiting Early Ranch style EC-rating Eligible Current legal parcel boundary 674 W. Cahoon Street c. 1940 One-story World War II Era Cottage dwelling exhibiting Other style EC-rating Eligible Current legal parcel boundary 675 W. Cahoon Street c. 1945 One-story World War II Era Cottage dwelling exhibiting Minimal Traditional style NC-rating Ineligible N/A Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 35 Table 2. Buildings in the EDA Survey Area, excluding the Business Exchange APE Address Approx. Date Built Description SHPO Rating & NRHP Determinations Historical Boundary2 Photo 684 W. Cahoon Street c. 1925 One-story Period Cottage dwelling exhibiting Period Revival: other style NC-rating Ineligible N/A 686 W. Cahoon Street c. 1895/ 1955 One-story Other Residential Type dwelling exhibiting Late 20th Century: Other style NC-rating Ineligible N/A 704 W. Cahoon Street c. 1945 One-story World War II Era Cottage dwelling exhibiting Minimal Traditional style NC-rating Ineligible N/A 710 W. Cahoon Street c. 1940 One-story World War II Era Cottage dwelling exhibiting Minimal Traditional style EC-rating Eligible Current legal parcel boundary Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 36 Table 2. Buildings in the EDA Survey Area, excluding the Business Exchange APE Address Approx. Date Built Description SHPO Rating & NRHP Determinations Historical Boundary2 Photo 711 W. Cahoon Street c. 1925 One-story Bungalow dwelling exhibiting Bungalow and Clipped Gable Cottage styles EC-rating Eligible Current legal parcel boundary 715 W. Cahoon Street c. 1895 One-story Cross-wing dwelling exhibiting vernacular style NC-rating Ineligible N/A 716 W. Cahoon Street c. 1910/ 1950 One-story Other Residential Type dwelling exhibiting vernacular style NC-rating Ineligible N/A 724 W. Cahoon Street c. 1940 One-story World War II Era Cottage dwelling exhibiting Minimal Traditional and Early Ranch styles NC-rating Ineligible N/A Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 37 Table 2. Buildings in the EDA Survey Area, excluding the Business Exchange APE Address Approx. Date Built Description SHPO Rating & NRHP Determinations Historical Boundary2 Photo 729 W. Cahoon Street c. 1935 One-story Bungalow dwelling exhibiting vernacular style NC-rating Ineligible N/A 730 W. Cahoon Street c. 1935 One-story Period Cottage dwelling exhibiting Minimal Traditional style EC-rating Eligible Current legal parcel boundary 731 W. Cahoon Street c. 1915 One-story Bungalow dwelling exhibiting Bungalow style NC-rating Ineligible N/A 736 W. Cahoon Street c. 1950 One-story World War II Era Cottage dwelling exhibiting Minimal Traditional style NC-rating Ineligible N/A Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 38 Table 2. Buildings in the EDA Survey Area, excluding the Business Exchange APE Address Approx. Date Built Description SHPO Rating & NRHP Determinations Historical Boundary2 Photo 746 W. Cahoon Street c. 1950 One-story World War II Era Cottage dwelling exhibiting Minimal Traditional style NC-rating Ineligible N/A 754 W. Cahoon Street c. 1960 One-story Ranch/Rambler dwelling exhibiting Ranch/Rambler style NC-rating Ineligible N/A 390 W. Exchange Rd. c. 1910 Two primary buildings: Bldg. 1 (north) –Four-and-a-half-story warehouse building exhibiting Victorian Eclectic and muted Prairie School styles; clad in regular brick; alterations include enclosure of several window openings, multiple historical additions, and partial demolition due to fire EC-rating Eligible (both) Buildings only; remainder of property has been altered and used for purposes unrelated to the historical purposes of the property c. 1915/ 1950 Bldg. 2 (south) –One-story other public/commercial building exhibiting Prairie School and Post-WWII: Other styles; clad in regular brick; alterations include c. 1950 warehouse/factory building addition and partial infill of window openings Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 39 Table 2. Buildings in the EDA Survey Area, excluding the Business Exchange APE Address Approx. Date Built Description SHPO Rating & NRHP Determinations Historical Boundary2 Photo 605 W. Exchange Rd. c. 1920 One-story Other Residential Type residence exhibiting vernacular style NC-rating Ineligible N/A 472 W. 24th Street c. 1920 One-story Bungalow dwelling exhibiting Bungalow style EC-rating Eligible Current legal parcel boundary 492 W. 24th Street c. 1910 One-and-a-half-story Bungalow dwelling exhibiting Arts & Crafts style NC-rating Ineligible N/A 500 W. 24th Street c. 1895 Two-story Central-Block-with-Projecting-Bays dwelling (converted to apartments) exhibiting Victorian Eclectic, Arts & Crafts, and vernacular styles NC-rating Ineligible N/A Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 40 Table 2. Buildings in the EDA Survey Area, excluding the Business Exchange APE Address Approx. Date Built Description SHPO Rating & NRHP Determinations Historical Boundary2 Photo 512 W. 24th Street c. 1900 One-and-a-half-story Side Passage dwelling exhibiting Victorian Eclectic style NC-rating Ineligible N/A 520 W. 24th Street c. 1905 One-and-a-half-story Side Passage dwelling exhibiting vernacular style NC-rating Ineligible N/A 526 W. 24th Street c. 1915 One-story Bungalow dwelling exhibiting Bungalow style EC-rating Eligible Current legal parcel boundary 560 W. 24th Street c. 1945 One story Other Commercial/Public building exhibiting Post-WWII: Other style EC-rating Eligible Current legal parcel boundary Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 41 Table 2. Buildings in the EDA Survey Area, excluding the Business Exchange APE Address Approx. Date Built Description SHPO Rating & NRHP Determinations Historical Boundary2 Photo 570 W. 24th Street c. 1915 Two-story Other Residential Type dwelling exhibiting Late 20th Century: Other style NC-rating Ineligible N/A 576 & 578 W. 24th Street c. 1915 One-story Duplex dwelling exhibiting Bungalow and Arts & Crafts styles EC-rating Eligible Current legal parcel boundary 598 W. 24th Street c. 1925 One-story Bungalow dwelling exhibiting Bungalow style NC-rating Ineligible N/A 600 W. 24th Street c. 1915 One-story Central-Block-with-Projecting-Bays dwelling exhibiting vernacular style NC-rating Ineligible N/A Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 42 Table 2. Buildings in the EDA Survey Area, excluding the Business Exchange APE Address Approx. Date Built Description SHPO Rating & NRHP Determinations Historical Boundary2 Photo 604 W. 24th Street c. 1915 One-story Central-Block-with-Projecting-Bays dwelling exhibiting vernacular style NC-rating Ineligible N/A 606 W. 24th Street c. 1890 One-and-a-half-story Cross-wing dwelling exhibiting vernacular style EC-rating Eligible Current legal parcel boundary 624 W. 24th Street c. 1935 One-story Clipped Gable Cottage dwelling exhibiting Clipped Gable Cottage style EC-rating Eligible Current legal parcel boundary 630 W. 24th Street c. 1890 One-story Cross-wing dwelling exhibiting vernacular style EC-rating Eligible Current legal parcel boundary Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 43 Table 2. Buildings in the EDA Survey Area, excluding the Business Exchange APE Address Approx. Date Built Description SHPO Rating & NRHP Determinations Historical Boundary2 Photo 636 W. 24th Street c. 1890 One-story Other Residential Type dwelling exhibiting vernacular style NC-rating Ineligible N/A 660 W. 24th Street c. 1955 One-story 1-Part Block commercial building exhibiting Other style EC-rating Eligible Current legal parcel boundary 664 W. 24th Street c. 1950 One-story 1-Part Block commercial building exhibiting Early 20th Century Commercial style EC-rating Eligible Current legal parcel boundary 678 W. 24th Street c. 1925 One-story Bungalow dwelling exhibiting Bungalow style EC-rating Eligible Current legal parcel boundary Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 44 Table 2. Buildings in the EDA Survey Area, excluding the Business Exchange APE Address Approx. Date Built Description SHPO Rating & NRHP Determinations Historical Boundary2 Photo 684 W. 24th Street c. 1930 One-story Bungalow dwelling exhibiting Bungalow style EC-rating Eligible Current legal parcel boundary 686 W. 24th Street c. 1910 One-story Bungalow dwelling exhibiting Other/Unclear style NC-rating Ineligible N/A 706 W. 24th Street c. 1915 One-story Foursquare dwelling exhibiting Bungalow style EC-rating Eligible Current legal parcel boundary 712 W. 24th Street c. 1915 One-story Bungalow dwelling exhibiting Bungalow and Arts & Crafts styles EC-rating Eligible Current legal parcel boundary Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 45 Table 2. Buildings in the EDA Survey Area, excluding the Business Exchange APE Address Approx. Date Built Description SHPO Rating & NRHP Determinations Historical Boundary2 Photo 766 W. 24th Street c. 1915 One-story Other Residential Type dwelling exhibiting vernacular style EC-rating Eligible Current legal parcel boundary 768 W. 24th Street c. 1935 One-story Clipped Gable Cottage dwelling exhibiting Clipped Gable Cottage style EC-rating Eligible Current legal parcel boundary 780 W. 24th Street c. 1925 One-story Other Residential Type dwelling exhibiting vernacular style NC-rating Ineligible N/A 786 W. 24th Street c. 1930 Two-story Church exhibiting Gothic and Mission Revival styles EC-rating Eligible Current legal parcel boundary Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 46 SUMMARY Certus conducted cultural resources inventory for the proposed Ogden City Business Exchange development and Economic Development Area (EDA) designation. The assessment resulted in the identification of one isolated occurrence, two historical canals, one historical railroad, one archaeological site, and 87 historical buildings. Of these, the two canals and 23 of the historical buildings are located in the Business Exchange APE. The isolated occurrence, historical railroad site, and 64 of the historical buildings are located in the broader EDA survey area. The two historical canals are the Wilson Canal (42WB351) and the Hooper Canal (42WB425). Both are located in the APE, and both have been determined eligible for the NRHP as a result of prior documentation of other segments of the canals. Certus recommends that the segment of the Wilson Canal (42WB351) documented as part of the current undertaking be considered a contributing section retaining the characteristics that render the overall site eligible for the NRHP. Certus recommends that the segment of the Hooper Canal (42WB425) documented during the current undertaking be considered an isolated feature that does not contribute to the eligibility of the overall site. The historical railroad site is the Utah Central/Union Pacific Evona Branch Railroad (42WB353). The northern boundary of the site forms the southern boundary of the APE; the site is located in the survey area rather than the APE. The overall site has been determined eligible for the NRHP as a result of prior documentation of other segments of the rail line. Certus recommends that the segment of the railroad documented as part of the current undertaking be considered a contributing section retaining the characteristics that render the overall site eligible for the NRHP. This segment of the canal also includes a truss bridge that appears to be eligible to the NRHP in its own right. The archaeological site is the historical Union Stock Yard (42WB509). Certus recommends the site eligible for the NRHP under Criterion A. The site comprises the bulk of the APE. Of the 87 historical buildings evaluated as part of the current undertaking, 47 are either recommended eligible or have been previously determined eligible for the NRHP. Of these, 15 are located in the Business Exchange APE and 32 are located in the broader EDA survey area, outside the proposed Business Exchange. The remaining 40 buildings are either recommended ineligible for the NRHP or have been previously determined ineligible for the NRHP as a result of prior documentation. The nature of the effects to individual cultural resources from the proposed development of the Business Exchange or implementation of incentives or other management actions for the EDA have not yet been determined. These effects will be evaluated and disclosed under separate cover at such time as Oden City, the proponent for the undertaking, has developed sufficient detail for the undertaking to assess the effects to historic properties. Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 47 REFERENCES CITED Balle, Wayne 1992 Historic Site Form for 550 West Exchange Road, Ogden, Weber County, Utah. On file at the Utah State Historic Preservation Office, Salt Lake City. Ellis, Sheri Murray 2012 A Selective Reconnaissance-Level Architectural Survey for the I-15/24th Street Interchange Study Area in Weber County, Utah. SWCA Environmental Consultants, Salt Lake City. Giraud, Elizabeth 2007 Personal Communication. Written review comments on the Final 200 East Project cultural resources technical report sent to Jennifer Elsken, Utah Department of Transportation, Region 1, Ogden, and provided to Sheri Murray Ellis, SWCA Environmental Consultants, Salt Lake City. Murphy, Meriam B. 1996 The Rise and Fall of Ogden's Packing Industry. In Utah History to Go. Utah State, Salt Lake City. National Park Service (NPS) 2002 How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation. National Register Bulletin 15. Utah Centennial County History Series. Accessed online on January 9, 2014 at: http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/publications/bulletins/nrb15/ Roberts, R. C. and R. W. Sadler 1997 A History of Weber County. Utah Centennial County History Series. Utah State Historical Society, Salt Lake City. Sadler, Richard W. and Richard C. Roberts 1994 The Weber River Basin: Grass Roots Democracy and Water Development. Utah State University Press, Logan. Seifert, Donna J., Barbara J. Little, Beth L. Savage and John H. Sprinkle Jr. 1997 Defining Boundaries for National Register Properties. National Register Bulletin Vol. 21. 1997. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Washington, District of Columbia. Originally published 1995. Schweitzer, Robert 2001 Intermountain Antiquities Computer System (IMACS) Site Form for Site 42WB353, Utah Central Railway/Union Pacific. SWCA Environmental Consultants, Salt Lake City. On file at the Utah State Historic Preservation Office, Salt Lake City. Sometrails.com 2012 A Little Bit of History. Accessed online at www.sometrails.com/history_roberts.htm on May 29, 2012. Southworth, Don 1987 National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form for the Mountain View Auto Court. Accessed online April 2, 2014 at http://pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/NRHP/Text/87002063.pdf Ogden Business Exchange & EDA Cultural Resource Report Final Page | 48 Strack, Donald 1997 Ogden Rails: A History of Railroads in Ogden, Utah from 1869 to Today. Withers Publishing, Pennsylvania. 2012 Railroads in Utah. Accessed online at http://historytogo.utah.gov/utah_chapters/mining_and_railroads/railroadsinutah.html on June 14, 2012. University of Utah 1998 Building by the Railyard: The Historic Commercial and Industrial Architecture of Ogden. Western Regional Architecture Program, Center for Architectural Studies, Graduate School of Architecture, Salt Lake City. UtahRails.net 2012 Major Rail-Served Industries in Ogden. Accessed online at www.utahrails.net/ogden/ogden-industry.php on May 15, 2012. Westwater, Kiera, Lindsey Kester, Kristine Kisman, Jesse, Kisman, and Lisa Benson 2013 A Reconnaissance-Level Archaeological Resources Survey of West Davis Corridor Alternatives in Davis and Weber Counties, Utah. SWCA Environmental Consultants, Salt Lake City. Submitted to HDR, Inc. and the Utah Department of Transportation, Region One.