Oral History Program Dr. Diane M. Kawamura Interviewed by Kandice Harris 8 March 2019 Oral History Program Weber State University Stewart Library Ogden, Utah Dr. Diane M. Kawamura Interviewed by Kandice Harris 8 March 2019 Copyright © 2022 by Weber State University, Stewart Library iii Mission Statement The Oral History Program of the Stewart Library was created to preserve the institutional history of Weber State University and the Davis, Ogden and Weber County communities. By conducting carefully researched, recorded, and transcribed interviews, the Oral History Program creates archival oral histories intended for the widest possible use. Interviews are conducted with the goal of eliciting from each participant a full and accurate account of events. The interviews are transcribed, edited for accuracy and clarity, and reviewed by the interviewees (as available), who are encouraged to augment or correct their spoken words. The reviewed and corrected transcripts are indexed, printed, and bound with photographs and illustrative materials as available. The working files, original recording, and archival copies are housed in the University Archives. Project Description The Beyond Suffrage Project was initiated to examine the impact women have had on northern Utah. Weber State University explored and documented women past and present who have influenced the history of the community, the development of education, and are bringing the area forward for the next generation. The project looked at how the 19th Amendment gave women a voice and representation, and was the catalyst for the way women became involved in the progress of the local area. The project examines the 50 years (1870-1920) before the amendment, the decades to follow and how women are making history today. ____________________________________ Oral history is a method of collecting historical information through recorded interviews between a narrator with firsthand knowledge of historically significant events and a well-informed interviewer, with the goal of preserving substantive additions to the historical record. Because it is primary material, oral history is not intended to present the final, verified, or complete narrative of events. It is a spoken account. It reflects personal opinion offered by the interviewee in response to questioning, and as such it is partisan, deeply involved, and irreplaceable. ____________________________________ Rights Management This work is the property of the Weber State University, Stewart Library Oral History Program. It may be used freely by individuals for research, teaching and personal use as long as this statement of availability is included in the text. It is recommended that this oral history be cited as follows: Kawamura, Diane M., an oral history by Kandice Harris, 8 March 2019, WSU Stewart Library Oral History Program, University Archives, Stewart Library, Weber State University, Ogden, UT. Diane Kawamura Circa 1971-1988 Diane Kawamura 2019 1 Abstract: The following is an oral history interview with Dr. Diane Kawamura, conducted on March 8, 2019 in the Stewart Library’s University Archives Conference Room, by Kandice Harris. Diane discusses her life, her memories at Weber State University, and the impact of the 19th Amendment. Tanner Flinders, the video technician, is also present during this interview. KH: The following is an oral history interview with Dr. Diane Kawamura. It is being conducted on March 8, 2019 in the university archives conference room, and the interviewer is Kandice Harris. The subject of this interview is Diane’s time spent at Weber State University as a faculty member from 1978 to present. Also present is Tanner Flinders, our video technician. Would you talk a little bit about your early life and some historical background? DK: I was raised in South Dakota and in high school it was time to start looking for what do you want to do after high school. It was very important and there were a lot of choices. I really could not and did not save adequately to go to a college or a university. Although I wanted to be a lawyer, there was no money to become a lawyer and apply to Marquette—it was where I wanted to go. As a senior in high school, I went to St. Luke’s Hospital, I met with Sister Jean and she promised that I would receive one of the scholarships. The hospital only accepted at that time four single females annually to train in x-ray. Dr. Jean gave me the scholarship. My older sister was currently finishing the program there. 2 The scholarship meant that they were going to pay me $40 a month to be a student. No males could be accepted, no married females could be accepted—the laws have changed a little bit from time to time. It had to be high school graduate females. I lived in Aberdeen, where St. Luke’s was located. One of the students came from Sioux Falls, and two came from rural areas. The four of us went through together. What we learned was once you got started with the program, the $40 a month was received and after six months into the program, we were capped. We received a cap that actually had x-ray on it. It was sort of a competition with the nurses who could have the best looking caps and so we were capped. But what that meant was we were now going to take call. Students took call in those days in hospitals across the United States and our call duty was Monday through Thursday. Then in our second year, we got $100 a month stipend and we took call every fourth weekend from Friday evening till Monday morning and then in cases where there was a holiday—a Monday or a Friday, the call was extended. Sometimes it was very restful and other times you spent hours, 14, 16, 18 hours x-raying mostly car accidents and other trauma patients. When I finished the program, I wanted to leave South Dakota. So I applied for several positions in Minnesota because the goal was that I was going to live in Boston. Then a doctor from Ogden, Utah called. He was looking for another radiographer from this program. He just hired Kathy from the Sioux Falls area. Kathy was already moving to Ogden. I accepted and I came to Ogden, Utah in 1966 and started working in this private radiologist’s office. Then in May of 1967, I met Bryan who 3 I married in September of that year. I was going to move again, back to Minnesota then onto Wisconsin and then I had it all the way by the time I was 25 I was going to live in Boston. Bryan and I met and we went out every night and became very good friends. We were married for 47 years and he died in May 2014it is so hard losing your husband, friend, and best companion. KH: Oh I’m so sorry. DK: But we were friends, we were lovers, we were parents of a two children and so I stayed in Ogden. Then after we got married, I went to St. Benedict’s hospital and was hired on a Tuesday afternoon, “Oh by the way, on Thursday, could you please work? Because we are going to Salt Lake to a meeting and we need somebody to take call.” I said, “Sure.” “Do you have a white dress uniform?” In those days, 18 inches from the floor and they needed ironing and shoes needed polishing. She said, “Would you please?” This was Sister Sandra—“Would you please be here at 8 o’clock tomorrow. So I went and took call that Thursday evening. Nobody came in, thank goodness. I worked there for almost 11 years when I received the call from Weber State. “We have a position opening up.” in Winter quarter in 1978. It was a soft money position which meant I was finishing somebody else’s soft money contract. I really would not have a contract with Weber State, until Fall quarter. We were in the quarter system with Weber State. So I taught the three quarters: Winter, Spring, Summer and then was on contract. That’s the history, and then what changed… do you want me to go on? KH: I have a couple of questions. 4 DK: I can pause. KH: When you were in the radiography program at St. Luke’s, was the $40 stipend enough? Would that cover meals? Was that just play money? What was that like? DK: It wouldn’t cover the meals, unless you lived in the dorms which cost $200 a month. I lived at home. I only lived 12 blocks from the hospital and I had to pay for my lunches. However, my mother worked in the kitchen of that hospital for over 25 years and so she helped me out every now and then. KH: Oh that’s good. DK: I managed to maintain weight and gain weight. KH: Were you encouraged to pursue an education? DK: No. You had an education that was the thought process. Very very much. A concern—and it’s the culture, it’s no one’s fault – they didn’t educate women very well. Finally we got to vote. But women were not considered equal and things of that nature. So you were going to give females this opportunity to learn x-ray and the reason you took four was just to keep filling your ranks with employees. Because women were going to get married and have children. They may or may not come back, they might be part time, but they can’t take call. Shift duty wasn’t thought of that much in those days, where now most of the imaging department are covered seven days a week full-time, 24 hours a day. KH: Were you encouraged by your family to get an education? 5 DK: My mother and later my husband. Yes, very very much. My mother because she wanted to teach. But she lived on a farm. She couldn’t go to high school. There were children at home—her mother died, her step mother died, and there were children at home to help with the family to raise. So she didn’t go to high school, so she didn’t have any certificate to teach. That’s all you needed in those days to teach. Mother was very much into helping us with homework and assignments every night. There were six of us and she always spent time making sure we were ready for school. She pushed us. It was easier in those days, you didn’t have a nation watching T.V. and walking around doing things on electronic equipment. There wasn’t more time, there was just different ways for people to spend their time. KH: When you moved from South Dakota to Ogden, how did you get here? DK: On a bus. Once I accepted the position on Wednesday, Mother and I went to Montgomery Wards—that was a department store in those days. On the third floor, I bought a trunk and packed. We went to farmers and merchants bank, and she co-signed a loan for me for $250. We went to the Jack Rabbit bus lines and bought a ticket to Ogden, Utah, and that was $44. On Thursday evening I left on Jack Rabbit Bus lines and got to Rapid City and then I was on a Continental Trail ways. When we got to Cheyenne, there was a diversion and that’s when we got on a Greyhound Bus. I came into Ogden on Greyhound Bus right after midnight on that Friday evening. Then the classmate who had already moved here, met me there. When I got off that bus and on 25th and Grant the Continental bus station across the street. They were on the north side and then the other bus— 6 Greyhound was on the south side. I got off the bus and she was there and she asked a cab to wait. My luggage didn’t come in, it was coming in on Continental. KH: Oh no. DK: It was scary because when I got off the bus, on the street corner of Grant and 25th street, I saw more African Americans, Negroes, Black people in that one glance than I had seen in my entire life. When I grew up, and is such a homogenous society where we are all white. Why are we living in the city? We all lived in the city because all of our parents couldn’t survive on farming or ranching and everything, but we were white. Also, where I grew up in Aberdeen, most of South Dakota, Minnesota, North Dakota, you were Catholic or Lutheran. There were other churches, but they were smaller. The Methodist and the Jewish Synagogue and many other Protestant churches existed. But you didn’t talk to each other. It wasn’t that you disliked each other, you just never trusted those other guys that’s all. You were raised that way. You can smile, but don’t talk to them. So that’s how I got to Ogden, Utah. KH: Where did you live when you first moved to Ogden? DK: It was called Steven’s Village. It was on 26th street between Jefferson and Madison. I worked at a clinic which was on 25th street. It’s now torn down, and there is some kind of health care clinic there now. KH: What did you do in your free time when you first moved to Ogden? DK: Went shopping. But my hours, we worked from 8 o’clock to 5:30, Monday through Friday and Saturday morning. That was considered full-time. There was 7 no health care at this radiologists’ office. There was no vacation. He let me off when I wanted to get married, which was nice to go on a honeymoon. Then he didn’t hire me when I came back. So where did we go? Well Ogden was a big city and there was so many shopping areas on Washington Boulevard, open on Saturday there was the Bon Marche, there was a Castleton’s, there was a ZCMI that was built after I came. There was a L.R. Samuels where all the women wore black dresses with a white collar and black shoes. All the men wore black suits and white shirts for work. So it was really unique. There was a store on Washington Boulevard that was always advertised in a magazine called Seventeen. Sundays rested, sort of rested. Got the laundry done, the beds changed, the apartment cleaned. You didn’t go shopping because most stores were closed on Sunday. So that’s probably what I did most of the time. KH: How long did you work at the doctor’s office? DK: I worked at the doctor’s office from August 1 until September 15, 1967. We got married on September 16th. That year, and that’s when we came back after we got married. I went to St. Benedict’s hospital and started working there in November 1967 until January 1978. KH: What did you do while you worked at St. Benedicts? Did your duties change through the years? DK: Over the years, duties changed. I actually became the clinical instructor of the students. When I started there, they had just started on their first year of students affiliated with Weber State College. So the program here at Weber 8 State, it was 50 years old in 2017. There were students that were very different when I was a student. There were male students, married students, and students with children. They would take classes at Weber State and then do clinical in the hospitals. What changed is the wet processing in the radiologists office to automated processing in all of the hospitals where you just put the exposed film and then eight minutes later, or eleven, depends on the unit, it was developed. We had automatic processing at St. Luke’s in South Dakota. The wet processing, you had to leave it in the developer, then wash it, put it in the fixer, then wash it, then wash it some more, and then dry it, and then you could see. That changed, the whole processing changed. The equipment, the fact that there were more than two rooms to make exposures. There were four rooms at the hospital. What was different at that time and different too when I started at Weber State is what happened in technology. Because what I had—I was in awe on July 6, 1966 when I started the radiography program, the x-ray program at St. Luke’s, I was just almost speechless. Even though my sister had talked about what x-ray was able to accomplish, it was amazing. The fact that you were seeing human tissue on x-rays, it was just amazing. So from that, to where we are today, what… do you want me to continue on? KH: Yes. DK: What did I see? I saw nuclear medicine move out of a closet where they store the equipment for their thyroid exam once every six months to a nuclear medicine department where they have two, three, five machines with P.E.T. 9 scanning, C.T., M.R.I., sonography—which became a life vocation. Where we have moved, digital mammography, tomography, with imaging and the radiation therapy. The treatments for cancer, the high cure rate for cancer. That is something not only to see but to be here at Weber State when all of those programs were started. In the department of radiologic sciences, which is now the School of Radiologic Science in the Dumke College of Health Professions, there are programs in radiography, five semesters. Once you finish radiography, look where you can go. Education, all of this education. And so, going C.T., M.R.I., C.T. or M.R.I., mammography—women’s imagining. With mammography, bone densitometry, breast sonography, nuclear medicine, the radiation therapy. There are multiple different majors in the School of Radiologic Sciences. KH: Oh wow. DK: Now, many of them are under advanced radiologic science. But you can earn a degree in women’s imaging, a minor in advanced, D.M.S., sonography, a minor in advanced radiologic sciences. So that’s what is phenomenal and people talk about, “Well you’ve been teaching this class for so long, has anything changed?” Absolutely! Every time an equipment manufacturer turns out a new piece of equipment, something changes. Something wonderful and you’ll notice that in your hospital bills and the copay. They are not going to pay and you better pay kind of thing. The imaging modalities and the radiation therapy and the intervention radiology… it’s really ongoing. We are not finished seeing the technology that’s going to be introduced with all of those. With students, as 10 faculty, we need to learn all of this technology because it’s beyond. We have everything from baby boomers to millennials with such different computer skills and everything. I deviate. KH: No, you are good. As all this new technology has become available in your program, has Weber been quick to adopt it and create curriculum based on the new technology or did it wait? DK: The curriculum had to be developed. It was adopted, some of them more experiential courses. But the sonography program—and I’ll speak to that because there was a nuclear medicine program that was going to start, and the sonography program. The program director in 1978 conducted a study and there were so few registered sonographers in the state—and such a critical shortage for a sonography program—that really went through the Board of Regents and was approved as an experimental program, soft money, for a couple of years and is now solidly based as all these others. They’ve all gone through the curriculum, they are all approved from the university. So with that being said, sonography—I was given the job very early here—a couple years to develop the sonography program, that’s because the other two faculty didn’t want to. But I said, “I want to finish my degree and I want to etc…” So my program director told me, “Well, if you don’t want to do this, then focus on this, we will find somebody who will.” So since I really did wanted to teach, I was beginning to enjoy it, I did develop the sonography program. The first year it was taught, since I wasn’t taught, the physicists came from the physics department and then there were adjunct faculty hired on consulting to 11 come and teach us sonography. I would teach my Weber State classes for the radiography students. Then I would go to hospitals later in the afternoon to practice because clinical is very important. That program was a six quarter program, then we moved to semesters. It became a four semester program. It has branched off, they all have because of specialties. So you have an OB/GYN sonography, and abdomen sonography—that’s a medical. You have a cardiac for adult, pediatric, and the fetal echocardiography. So, those are the specialties and the others are vascular. That’s just in Sonography, that’s what’s happening with what kind of equipment and examinations and C.T. and M.R.I. and interventional radiography. It’s huge! People are now having their livers biopsies, breast biopsies, all of that with non-invasive sonography or these other imagining modalities. That’s something else I saw here at Weber State is when they started, I was in the School of Allied Health Profession and nursing. Weber State College went to Weber State University all of those schools became colleges and then within those colleges they’ve moved off. Then we saw the elevation of the associate, to the BGS—Bachelors of General Studies. The degrees grew all over Weber State. We have Masters now, and the investigation appears to be complete. There is a Doctorate Program in Nursing here at Weber State. President Mortenson announced that recently at a social gathering before the basketball that was coming and very soon. Oh wow, Weber State. He mentioned that we can no longer keep Weber State the great secret. And I agree with that. It doesn’t have to be. We were actually recognized and internationally 12 recognized for several of our programs. I want to talk about how some of these programs are different. Because of the critical shortage, not just in sonography, but in all of these areas. Hospitals throughout the United States wanted certified people. As these pieces of equipment rolled off the assembly line and into our hospitals all over, there were places that didn’t have all of these programs. Weber State developed something throughout regionally. So now people can come on Friday evening and Saturdays for teaching. But they would be OJT—On the Job Trained in Idaho, Wyoming, and just current. There are students who come—there’s one this year from Philadelphia—from back east. That means it’s not a secret. Weber has a program, we can help your OJT, on the job trained people earn degrees. We can help them advance in their career ladder and choose these specialty programs to meet the needs of these hospitals, especially rural hospitals. Where even in Utah, you see these commercials where they have the telemedicine and everything. The one physician from Panguitch, Utah—and they come in with this beautiful helicopter view of fields blooming and everything, they come to Garfield Memorial—was working with somebody at Dixie and saved this baby’s life. So those kinds of things are on T.V. and that’s what consumers of health care are expecting. It doesn’t matter if they’re in rural wherever. The patients want that kind of care in this day and age. They’re not always aware of the cost of the equipment—a million dollars for this, 1.2 for that, and everything. KH: When you started at Weber State, did you want to pursue your education further? Was it expected? 13 DK: I started my education actually before starting Weber State. Okay, after the children were born, I became part-time at St. Benedicts hospital. But I was adjunct faculty because I was the clinical instructor at St. Benedict’s for Weber State students. I was able to register for quarter classes at that time. The quarter classes—I think it was three or five or six hours of credits that we got. My husband started getting his BS degree because he moved here from Denver two years after he got out of the Navy. He was getting his BS degree, he was employed at Hill Air Force Base and recruited because we were in a war— Vietnam. They needed people who did what he did in the Navy at Hill Air Force Base to get equipment to Vietnam that was adequate and working. That’s how he was recruited from Denver. Then after the children were born, I worked part-time and did get a baby tender and then I put them in a school—a preschool. I took maybe a three credit hour class or a two credit and started working on my degree before. Then when I came to Weber, the children were older, they didn’t need such full-time guidance. From that point then, I continued. I actually got my bachelors before my associate and I got my masters. I got the BS in sonography. My husband believed very strongly that the children were well educated. Education was very important to him. He had nine brothers and sisters in his family and they were poor. Living in the downtown Denver area. He and my mother believed that education was important to move forward. KH: What other degrees do you have? 14 DK: I have a Ph.D. from U of U, a masters, a M.Ed. from Weber State. A BS, A BGS, and an AS. KH: BGS is Bachelors of General Studies? DK: It was. Yeah, I have that. But what’s important credentials. I am credentialed in radiography and credentialed in sonography and then I have been able to develop some courses like pathophysiology and sectional anatomy. Many of the other new faculty are teaching those courses and so the area—there’s core classes and that addresses the new IP—Inter-professional Courses. We all have to have medical ethics, so let’s have a class for everybody on that. Instead of radiography having one and nursing has one. How does this integrate in total patient care? KH: Who was the head of the radiologic sciences program when you started? DK: Jane Johnson, Ward, and then she switched back to Van Valkenburg, and she left about ten, fifteen years ago. She retired and has since died. Dr. Robert Walker is the current chair of the School of Radiologic Sciences he has instituted. He has phenomenal ideas. He is motivated and has kept standards very very high and has new ideas on international, global, and has taken many many many groups of students to China on a study abroad. Exposing them to a school way up in North China, I’ve been there. The school really welcomes Americans and ideas and exchanges. KH: When you started the sonography program, what was the process? 15 DK: Well, investigation, investigation, investigation. So where we started a program here, the first class had 25 students. All of them were employees of something. I was an employee at Weber State. They were employed in many of the hospitals. The hospitals were paying for their education. KH: How did you start the program? DK: So in starting the program that was the first year. There were limited number of books. There were physics books, but there were limited number of actual scanning books. So part of that was getting very involved in the Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonography. Investigating with the credentialing agency— ARDMS. What was available and starting to write all of our curriculum. I was actually able to complete some of the curriculum for my master’s thesis. I gave them some of the curriculum and defended that. So the process was developing the curriculum and the certification process at that time… it was one program, the cardiac, the vascular, the medical was all taught in those six quarters. The ARDMS was always offered in writing, the third weekend in October. When I took it I had to pass that weekend and then go somewhere for my oral. I went to Denver, you had choices of San Francisco, Seattle, Denver. You had to go enormous ways to go for the oral because that was the way that it was done. So that’s how the curriculum developed and our success rates were very high because the students would go in and the physics and patient care exam, their abdomen, OB, and adult echocardiography, all in one weekend. If they didn’t pass, you had to wait a year. Now, it’s all done electronically. It’s interesting because I think we had a 16 higher pass rate on those weekends than we do now, because there is a lot of procrastination. You finish the program and you pay $250 for each of these exams and you have to maintain continuing ed, once you have the exams. Students are becoming more specialized in all of the areas. I have some initials after my name, but if you look at like Dr. Walker’s and some of the others in our department, they are the first one is the degree, but RTR, Radiography, RMS is Registered Diagnostic Medical Sonography. These other things are fellows and that. But if you look at the credentials there are people who are RTR (M)-Mammography, (N)-Nuclear Medicine, (MRI), (CT). There’s really many many certifications. Every time there is something new, because no one can know all of it and practice all of it and get diagnostic examinations for the patient and referring physicians. It just becomes very super specialized as your health care costs increase. KH: As you were creating this program, you were going through it with the first group of students? DK: I was, and I better pass. We were all learning together and there were two people that were just heroes of mine. But one, she was at McKay and she helped me. Initially—and I have to be honest, I was sort of resentful that I was teaching all of the radiography, going off to clinical, and then coming home at night to my family, getting up… and that’s when I started getting up at 3 or 4 in the morning to study so that when I would go out to the clinical I would know something, “Oh this is a translucent, this is an abdomen.” She helped me get over some of the resentment, because I didn’t want to do this. I wanted to finish 17 my masters but I wanted to teach. So this was part of the verbal contract for the coming year. She taught me patient care skills and how to let the patient know how important they were and everything. Her name is Laura Newren. She left McKay and went to Primary Children’s. The other one was Doug Ammason. He was at Logan and he’s retired since then. What Doug taught me was how important it was to always question how good is your examination and the next step and the next step. I was getting with him and he would intimidate, so to speak, “Well what are you seeing? What have you seen on the other side of this structure or this structure or this structure.” He was questioning on my scanning which encouraged me to achieve better quality. My last lecture here at Weber State was entitled, The Original Shades of Gray. KH: That’s great. DK: People came because they thought it was going to be sexy. Somebody from Weber State called and wanted to interview me and said, “That sounds so sexy”. I said, “Don’t come then. It’s not about sex.” So, what he taught me was the high standards and what I taught him was what was in the textbook. We became very very close in helping each other and finding material and starting a little study group on Friday evenings of three people. Those two, Laura and Doug were just phenomenal heroes. I had such high standards for what should happen next. Doug was one of those first students just like me. He went to the University of Utah for a couple mornings and then go back to Logan. He told the program director about this program over at University of Colorado Health Science Center. 18 I went there for a week and spent a week with some early champions of sonography. I started writing and I learned a lot in Denver. Then I came back and just started incorporating. How often does the curriculum change? It changes or is modified every year because health care changes and equipment changes. It becomes more dynamic and OB is probably misused a lot in the United States because people want the imaging examination to know gender. Those examinations really—it’s okay to sort of look in the genitalia area but it’s best to make sure that you have healthy and get all of the examinations done. KH: As you have progressed through your career, have you faced any resistance or battles from anybody you worked with, or anybody that was in any of the programs that you were in? DK: The challenges? There’s always areas where you can disagree with people. If somebody disagrees with you, and they’re in a decision making area, then why is it so important to me to have this done? And they are saying, “It’s not going to work.” What am I missing in information to get to the point where they are telling me that it’s not going to work? To either provide enough rational why it will work or what still could be done and evaluated before it’s implemented? I think that happens all of the time. Resistance from someone? Students. It’s a lot of work going through these courses because when you—in many majors here, in any college, you go take an x number of credit hours and you have a degree. In our area, that’s yes, you take twelve to eighteen credit hours per semester and in most of them, 24 hours a week in a clinical education site. That’s part of the education is clinical education. Plus, this twelve hours, okay yeah three credit 19 hours is clinical. But it represents 24 hours a week in a clinical site. That’s not paid for, they are students. Students are sometimes overwhelmed with the amount of criteria that has to be met to successfully complete the program. They’re challenged and they’re challenged because many of them work full-time, many of them are parents, some single parents. The changes in culture over the time period, there’s different work ethics in the different cultures of environments for the students. Then the amount of credit hours that sometimes I thought the students should take, “Yeah, this would be a good course. Yeah, they should have another medical ethics course. Yeah, they should have another instrumentation course.” All of that counts up to credit hours and time spent, so there is challenges that way for the students without extending the program. And without watering it down, with maintaining standards in the program, there sometimes has to be compromises. But those are the challenges—the student time, the energy, the cost. Tuition has obviously has gone up, textbooks obviously go up etc. So those are challenges. There will always be challenges. KH: What challenges have you faced as you’ve progressed in your education and career? DK: Time, energy, changing environment. But it’s enough time to evaluate, learn, and understand where the profession is now and its capabilities. Those are the challenges. It’s evolving, very much so. Stop evolving for a little bit. TF: What sort of changes have you seen in the student body over your tenure here? 20 DK: The level—and this is certainly not all students. When we went through—and I’ll go back to July 6, 1966 walking into the fifth floor of the x-ray department at St. Luke’s hospital. We fell in love with it. It was, as I said, I was in awe at what we were doing with x-ray and look what’s happened on medical images. So the changes in students that I’ve seen is—we began, even here at Weber State, loving what we do very much, and then it provides us with an income, we are employed. With many characteristics over the years, many students look for an income to give them enough money to do the things that they enjoy. The enjoyment isn’t necessarily the program that they selected, “Where can I get a job? How fast can I get a job? How much is it going to pay? What are the benefits? And because I love to do these things on the weekend. I love to…” The students many, not all. But they have a different path of what they enjoy doing. Skiing, motorcycling, whatever it is. It’s different than us. We used our weekends to study or to work part-time or to gain enough money to buy the next book and that. So the generations have changed over why we are getting an education. What is education involvement? So you see changes I think, “Why do you have students majoring in this profession?” There’s not going to be any jobs when you finish this degree. They are doing that because they love that particular subject. Whether it’s history, literature, or whatever it is. Then you have the students who are looking at what’s the best employment opportunity. How fast can I get this over with it? Is it convenient? Is it online? There was a student a few years ago who took every one of his textbooks, cut it off, scanned every single sheet of every textbook and came to 21 class. He was not on his cell phone, he was going through lecture material he downloaded. So they have changed in their expectations and the amount of time they want to spend in a classroom, and how can we deliver exceedingly great course material with that span of differentiation in our students’ interests. This one wants power points, this one’s going to die if they see one more power point slide. “The teacher tells me how great he or she” is kind of thing. Those are the challenges that are presented by students, and they are challenged. They have challenges and much of it certainly has to do with if they have families or they don’t have families. The cost of everything—whether it’s living in the dorm or going to the book store It’s expensive. But is it cost or is it investment? How do you get them to identify their priorities in life? KH: How has campus changed over the years? DK: Well, let’s see. Building one, two, three, four, and they were just finishing the education building. We could park by the bell tower. There was that one time where there was limited parking down there and so I parked a little bit higher up and was on the ice and snow coming down. What’s being played on the bell tower is, “It’s getting to look like Christmas”, and I thought, “Oh come on.” I really don’t care what it’s beginning to look like, I’m going to die. So what has changed besides the schools becoming colleges. The college becoming a university. The diversity of programs across campus, the new buildings, the extension into Davis County, the number of contracts for clinical education sites. There is somebody in our department who coordinates those, and there is over five hundred clinical education sites that Weber State University has a contract, an affiliation 22 agreement contract with, so that these students can be in those hospital or clinical departments. Not that there’s that many students, but that they can legally be in those departments performing clinical education. So the changes certainly have been in the technologies to teach, the facilities to teach, the ability to keep up with the differentiation of students—when they were born and raised and by what generation—interested in the educational process, and into adopting an achievement where they want to finish and want to continue in the profession. KH: What mentors or resources did you have available to you in your program and career? DK: In the program? KH: And in your career? DK: And in my career. The mentors, my mother. My older sister went through radiography and then my younger sister, she went through nursing and clinical lab sciences. So I had family that was education oriented, mostly the females and they were all left-handed. But in my family, there were eight of us—six children. Four were left handed, four were right handed and the people who were left handed were so smart in my family. I was right handed. I had to struggle more and that’s the truth, I really did. So they certainly did perform activities that I held in high standard and I wanted to be similar. But the real mentors here on campus were the faculty that I worked with. Wynn Harrison who just retired last year. Jane, she died a couple of years ago. Bob Walker who has been the chair for I think 18, 19 years. Very good people for education - having 23 visions, having views, listening when you agree and when you disagree. They were very good. But for the medical, the greatest mentors are the students. Again, working with Laura and then Doug. But the students are becoming, some of them are just outstanding mentors. They can just raise your day up so fast when you are teaching and you see they get it. One of the examples was many years ago, a student came into my office and she said, “I am so frustrated, I do not understand Snell’s law at all. Now if I come in here like this and then…” And she said, “Thank you so much, I get it.” I didn’t say anything. I nodded and smiled. And so the students give so much. It was very hard for me to write my letter that I’m going to retire. I’m retiring June 30th of this year. After 41 years, that’s hard because retire from a family and some real heroes. Don’t cry. Okay. KH: What committees and organizations either on campus or related to your profession have you been a member of? DK: Everything. Did you read this? [Appendix 1] KH: I did. Let’s highlight a couple of them. What types of stuff have you done on campus? DK: On campus. I’ve been a member of lots and lots of committees. Faculty Senate, the executive committee, and not as involved as I think some of the others just because again our commitment to get out in clinical. Another area that I thoroughly enjoyed, and I’m going to come back to these things. Our outreach program because we had students all over the state and from 1992 until three 24 years ago, I took care of what’s called I-15, and I-15 became over the years— and Dixie started their own program, SLCC—Salt Lake has a program. I would leave Ogden, I would go over to Gunnison for a clinical visit, over to Richfield for a clinical visit, over to Panguitch, then to Beaver. I would stay in Cedar City, teach there the next day, double check on the student if we had one in Mesquite, then go back to Nephi, teach there the next day. It was a well over 700-1,000 mile trip and Ely, Nevada and to teach was two trips a semester and the students come in three times a semester. For the clinical visits that was an add on. When I did clinical visits that included Ely, Nevada and I would go to Gunnison and down through Mesquite and up to Ely. So, that was an achievement. We have two faculty that go to four corners, two that go to Wyoming, Uintah Basin, and so that’s a program that people don’t realize even exists. But the Navajo program was such a success for about four or five years. We would go to Cortez to teach that on weekends— Fridays, Saturdays. That kept us busy, but didn’t allow us often to accept committee charges on campus with great flexibility. We might be out teaching on a Thursday rather than in the Faculty Senate. State I belong to USRT (Utah Society of Radiologic Technologist), primarily x-ray. I started the USDMS but that sort of disintegrated as more and more journals come out with enough continuing education for us to stay ahead. I was an officer in those two. Nationally, ASRT (American Society of Radiologic Technologists) and I’ve been on their house of delegates. SDMS (Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonography), I was president and then past president on their board. RDMS (Registered 25 Diagnostic Medical Sonographer), I was chair of theirs. JRC-DMS (Joint Review Committee on Education in Diagnostic Medical Sonography), I was chair on that. I served on those three. So those three are the national association. Oh, there is AIUM (American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine) too. Then for continuing education. Okay, so you have the national associations. The other association—the ARDMS (American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography) was a credentialing organization, and I was an item writer for 17 years for them. Writing items for the National Credentialing Organization. Then, the other was the accreditation program—JRC-DMS Accreditation. Those three positions there—held by one person who has only happened one other time in the life of these professions and everything. Then let’s see, I’m a fellow of the AIUM and SDMS and that’s recognition of professional activities. I was an honorary member of ASUM—that’s the name of it is the Australasian Society of Ultrasound and Medicine. For five years, helping coordinate and evaluate their SPI course with the one in the United States with ARDMS (American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography). So pretty involved. KH: Yeah, I would say so. DK: I used to get more miles—Delta miles than I do now. KH: What topics have you written about? DK: The primary contribution that I’ve written some legal things that have been in the journal 20-30 years ago. They’re so historic and everything. I am on the editorial 26 board of one of the medical journals. I read journal articles, though I’m not the one to edit those. The biggest writing project is the completion of a year and a half ago of the fourth edition of the, Abdomen and Superficial Structure textbook. Which found many many contributors—this person wrote this chapter, this person wrote that chapter. But it turned into huge. There’s Dr. Tanya Nolan in our department, helped me with the fourth edition. The hope is to find somebody to help with the fifth and move so I can move away from that. But that is the bestselling, most adopted, textbook in the world for Sonography. For medical Sonography. Susan Stephenson in Salt Lake did the OB-GYN. Somebody else did the Vascular, so that one’s not a big hit yet nationally. Then, the adult echocardiography is a little bit. It’s several series of books, but it is something that I’m very proud of. Here at Weber State, it was approved recently by the curriculum committees to use because we’ve got this new process here at Weber State that if you write something, you can’t have your students buy it without going through an evaluation process, this is a good thing. KH: I agree. DK: That’s something that I hope we continue to use those books here at Weber. KH: What recognitions have you received for your accomplishments? DK: [Looking at CV] Fellow, Fellow, Most Outstanding Sonographer in the United States, The Aunt Minnie Award two years ago, the most effective educator in radiologic sciences program in the United States. I’ve been involved with also 27 ASRT (American Society of Radiologic Technologists) and I’m a life member of ACRT. Greatest accomplishments I think was, what a fabulous family we have. Although my husband died—two wonderful supportive children who are in their forties and they’ve been very very supportive and very pro education. I would go back to how much did I learned in our family meals and how much education is important. Even last Sunday, they were driving me crazy. I had a couple of things I needed to do—oh right, and these are some things I had. Because they foster education. It’s been an honor just to be their mother and have them provide with me so many opportunities to learn, and my husband of course. “So what’s new, so why? So why can’t you use this? Well how would that work? Well what about the dB energy?”, “Yes dear.” After teaching a physics course, I got to come home and learn more. KH: How have you become a mentor to others in your field? DK: I’m not sure why they chose that I should be their mentor. I think I’m willing to help with their publications and areas of interest in that. I don’t know how many people think that I’m a mentor or a menace, you know? KH: How have you become a mentor to your students? DK: I’m trying to prepare the right educational material to challenge them, not to discourage, the importance of providing them. The number one provision is providing a patient with a diagnostic examination and an explanation why this examination is important. KH: What advice would you give to students starting in your field? 28 DK: It depends on why they are starting in the field. So, if they are starting in the field because they think it’s interesting and they’re very interested—it’s easy to provide them with advice on how to get started and who to see for counseling. Get the pre-requisites because you have to look at the diversity and the pre-requisites. These fields are very very interesting to students. They see them on T.V. There are shows on T.V. There was a show about a Chicago Hospital called Code Black or something? I was once visiting a group of students in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida and teaching a course there. They saw a show—E.R. or something. There was placenta previa the night before on the show, but I think they are very much influenced with what they see on television regarding all of the medical ethics. There was Dr. House who was an irritable kind of person, but the technology that you saw on those shows drive many people to want to get into this. There has been explanation to potential candidates and also the observation that the number of applicants to the program far exceeds the number of students who can be selected. So if you are interested, then you need to make sure that you achieve a high grade point average, complete some pre-requisite courses, have a really good understanding of what the profession is about. It’s not what you see on T.V. in an hour with 45 minutes of commercials. This is something that you really want to become involved in. You have to become involved in it for a lifetime because it involves continuing education. The need to continue your education far into the future. There isn’t a day that you don’t learn new things. So to mentor students, is to make sure that they understand the difficulties, the 29 challenges, the joys, and the amount of dedication that you need to successfully complete the program and the certification and find the correct employment opportunities. Not everybody is cut out to work in a hospital or a private clinic or the health care facilities. There’s so many choices now. How do I mentor them? I don’t know. Tell them to read this book and read this chapter, and give them a difficult test and they are all going to fail because they didn’t get an “A” on the test. You know? KH: What are some of your favorite memories here at Weber? DK: There’s been a lot. There really has. The Brady Presidential Award. The invitation to present the last lecture. Serving on the executive committee. Primarily the sheer volume of students graduating from our programs. I mean when you fill the Dee Events center. I know, 450 of them were nurses, but there were quite a few from our programs. Don’t get me wrong, I love nurses. My younger sister Shirley is a nurse. There’s been many. The reward, the honor is graduation, commencement. Truly a beginning for so many of them. KH: How do you think women receiving the right to vote shaped or influenced history, your community, and you personally? DK: I don’t think necessarily the right vote when it was given, shaped me. Because I wasn’t born yet. However, the act of what happened certainly has gone and from 1966, who were our students? We could only have females who were not married, not pregnant, and that kind of thing. That was really discrimination towards males. I think the final act of getting rid of the separation and allowing 30 women to vote—when in some states we still won’t allow other Americans to vote or we set up such stumbling blocks for them that they can’t vote—is huge. But the fact that women can vote, if we can get voting and equal rights for everybody to vote, that would be something that the United States could be proud of. But, for women to vote, and for women being recognized and be treated more fairly and equitably in the work place, and to get rid of the gender discrimination was part of the process, and the process needs to continue on. So how has it changed? It’s improved. It has improved considerably. So, how has that changed? I think that it has been slow integration of making the correct changes to get rid of gender discrimination, and that was just an initial thing. So all of us need to continue working to get rid of that. Has that shown up in my life? There’s always been rumors about males getting paid more than females because we were the supplemental income in families. I think that still needs to change, and the education of the Americans needs to be a little more extensive in that area in getting rid of discrimination and more acceptance. A little less hate and a little more pride, and acceptance, and tolerance. I think that was the beginning for women to vote. There’s ending slavery, I mean, there was lots of beginnings we just have not moved as fast as we should considering that we became a nation in 1776. We can move a little bit faster. KH: Is there anything else that you would like to share us? DK: No, no, I shared a lot with you. What else do you have? KH: That’s everything that I have. Thank you so much for your time. 31 DK: Oh, you are welcome. 1 DIANE M. KAWAMURA, PH.D., RT(R), RDMS, FAIUM, FSDMS 2019 PERSONAL DATA Brady Presidential Distinguished Professor Work: Weber State University Radiologic Sciences PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE 1978 - present Department of Radiologic Sciences Dumke College of Health Professions Weber State University, Ogden, UT 84408-3925 2012-present Brady Presidential Distinguished Professor 1990-present Professor, Radiological Sciences Educational Director, Diagnostic Medical Sonography Program 1985-1990 Associate Professor, Radiological Sciences Educational Director, Diagnostic Medical Sonography Program 1981-1985 Assistant Professor, Radiological Sciences Educational Director, Ultrasound Program 1978-1981 Instructor, Radiologic Technology 1967 - 1978 Radiology Department St. Benedict's Hospital (Now-Ogden Regional Medical Center) Ogden, Utah 1971-1978 Clinical Instructor 1967-1971 Senior Technologist 1966-1967 Radiologic Technologist Warren B. West, M.D. Ogden, Utah EDUCATION University of Utah 1992-Doctor of Philosophy Salt Lake City, Utah Educational Administration Weber State University 1982-Bachelor of Science Ogden, Utah Allied Health Science/Ultrasound Weber State University/ 1981-Masters of Education Utah State University Combined Program 2 EDUCATION (Continued) Weber State University 1979-Bachelor of General Science Ogden, Utah Radiography/Education/Psychology Weber State University 1975-Associate of Applied Science Ogden, Utah Allied Health Science/Radiography St. Luke's Hospital 1966-Certificate in Radiologic Technology Aberdeen, South Dakota AMA-CAHEA Accredited Hospital Program Central High School 1964- Graduate Aberdeen, South Dakota CERTIFICATION 1981 American Registry of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers RDMS Certification #07088 - Abdomen, Obstetrics/Gynecology 1966 American Registry of Radiologic Technologists RT(R) Certification #053736 - Radiographer HONOR SOCIETIES Lamba Nu – Utah Alpha Chapter ............................................................ 2009-Present Member ............................................................................................. 2009-Present Phi Kappa Phi Honor Society Member ............................................................................................. 1993-Present Phi Sigma Beta Honor Society (Society inactive since 1992) Member ................................................................................................. 1984-1992 UNIVERSITY SERVICE University Administrative Selected Honors The Last Lecture, October 6, 2015 Brady Presidential Distinguished Professor, 2012 University Administrative Appointments Ad Hoc Task Force on the Department of Mathematics Appointed Member .................................................................................... 1995 Institutional Review Committee (Human Subjects Committee) Appointed Chair ...................... 1992-1993, 1993-1994, 1994-1995, 1995-1996 Member ................................... 2005-2006, 2006-2007, 2009-2011, 2012-2013 Dumke College of Health Professions Subcommittee Appointed Co-Char ................................................................ 2012-2013 Appointed Chair ............ 2008-2009, 2009-2010, 2010-2011, 2011-2012 Member .............................................................. 2006-2011, 2013-2014 Promotion and Tenure Committee University Appointed Member ............................................................................................ 2011-2012 Chair – Faculty Senate Approval ................................................ 2011-2012 Bookstore Committee Appointed Member ........................................................................... 1989-1992 3 UNIVERSITY SERVICE (CONTINUED) University Administrative Appointments Affirmative Action Committee Appointed Member ........................................................................... 1979-1981 University Faculty Senate Faculty Senate ....................................................................................... 2002-2005 Faculty Senate Executive Committee ................................. 2002-2003, 2003-2004 Research, Scholarship and Professional Development Faculty Senate Liaison .................................................. 2002-2003, 2003-2004 Faculty Board of Review Committee Member ................................... 2000-2001, 2001-2002, 2006-2007, 2014-2015 Salary, Benefits, Budget and Fiscal Planning Appointment Member ....................................................................... 1986-1989 Committee Election: Administrative Salary Liaison Negotiating Team ...... 1987-1988, 1988-1989 Admissions and Standards Committee Appointed Member ........................................................ 1981-1984, 1984-1987 Appointed Chair ......................................... 1982-1983, 1983-1984, 1984-1985 University Administrative and Student Crystal Crest Awards Appointed Co-Chair, Woman of the Year Selection .................................. 1987 Dumke College of Health Professions Rank and Tenure Committee College Elected Member ................ 1994-1995, 2002-2003, 2004-2005, 2005-2006, 2006-2007 2009-2010, 2010-2011, 2011-2012, 2012-2013, 2013-2014 Chair ........................................................................................... 2010-2011 Member - Department Level ............................................................. 1989-1990 Member - School Level ................................................. 1980-1981, 1989-1990 Chair ........................................................................................... 1990-1991 Marriott Development Committee Appointed Member ..................................... 2000-2001, 2001-2002, 2002-2003 Appointed Member, Elected Chair ................................................... 1999-2000 Elected Member ............................................................................... 1985-1988 Tenure Standards Committee Appointed Member1998-1999, 1999-2000, 2001-2002, 2002-2003, 2006-2007 2008-2009, 2009-2010, 2010-2011, 2011-2012, 2012-2013, 2013-2104 Hearing (Due Process) Committee Appointed Co-Chair ................. 1998-1999, 1999-2000, 2001-2002, 2005-2006 Appointed Member .................. 2003-2004, 2006-2007, 2007-2008, 2008-2009 2010-2011, 2011-2012, 2012-2013 Interdisciplinary Team (Multidisciplinary Task Force) Appointed Member ........................................................................... 1995-1997 Dental Hygiene Program Director Search Committee Appointed Chair ............................................................................... 1993-1994 Computing Committee Appointed Member ..................................... 1993-1994, 1994-1995, 1995-1996 4 UNIVERSITY SERVICE (CONTINUED) Dumke College of Health Professions (CONTINUED) Multi-Discipline Committee Appointed Member ..................................... 1993-1994, 1194-1995, 1995-1996 College Relations Committee Elected Member ............................................................................... 1982-1984 Continuing Education Committee Appointed Member ........................................................................... 1980-1981 Allied Health Career Days Committee Appointed Member ........................................................................... 1978-1979 Radiological Sciences Association of Future Radiologic Professionals Faculty Advisor ................................................................................. 1989-1993 College of Applied Science and Technology Promotion and Tenure Committee College Elected Member ......... 1999-2000, 2002-2003, 2004-2005, 2013-2014 College of Social Science Promotion and Tenure Committee College Elected Member .................................................................. 1996-1997 College of Arts and Humanities Promotion and Tenure Committee College Elected Member ......... 1993-1994, 1995-1996, 1996-1997, 2006-2007 Committee Elected Chair .............................................. 1993-1994, 1995-1996 PROFESSIONAL SERVICE (Alphabetic Order) Association of Collegiate Educators in Radiologic Technology (Formerly: Western Intercollegiate Consortium on Education in Radiologic Technology) Life Member................................................................................. February 6, 2014 Charles A Jacobi Memorial Lecturer ............................................ February 3, 2005 Outstanding Educator .................................................................. January 31, 2002 Member (Institutional) ........................................................................ 1975-present Elected Board of Directors: Secretary-Treasurer ...................................................... 1997-1999, 1999-2001 Chair ................................................................................................ 1995-1997 President .......................................................................................... 1993-1995 President-Elect ................................................................................. 1992-1993 Appointment Conference Management Team, Conference Registration .......... 2011-present Conference Coordinator ................................................................... 2001-2011 Public Relations Committee ............................................................. 1981-1982 Association of Educators in Radiological Sciences, Inc. (Formerly: Association of University Radiologic Technologists): Member ........................................... 1980-1985 American College of Radiology Liaison-Commission on Human Resources ........................................... 1988-1991 Member-Ultrasound Tech Committee .................................................... 1989-1991 5 PROFESSIONAL SERVICE (Continued in Alphabetic Order) American Institute on Ultrasound in Medicine Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine Manuscript Reviewer ................... 2012-present Distinguished Sonographer Award ...................................................... March 2007 Elevated to Fellow Member ................................................. October 1990-present Member ................................................................................................. 1980-1990 Ex-Officio Member, Board of Governors ................................................ 1989-1991 American Medical Association's Committee on Allied Health Education and Accreditation's Assembly of Review Committee Chairmen Member ................................................................................................. 1985-1989 Elected Office: Vice Chair 1987-1989 Appointments: Chair-Quality Assurance Committee ................................................ 1988-1989 Member-Quality Assurance Committee ........................................... 1986-1989 American Registry of Diagnostic Medical Sonography Elected Board of Directors Past Chair ........................................................................................ 2007-2008 Chair ................................................................................................ 2005-2007 Chair-Elect ....................................................................................... 2004-2005 Vice-Chair ........................................................................................ 2002-2004 Director Member .............................................................................. 2000-2003 Appointments: ARDMS-ASUM Physics Working Group ..................................... Apr-Jun, 2015 ARDMS-ASUM Physics Working Group (Co-Chair) .................. Feb-May, 2014 ARDMS Innovative Task Force ....................................... Aug, 2012-Aug, 2013 Recertification Committee ............................................. 2011-2012, 2007-2010 Co-Chair ................................................................................ 2007-2009 Discipline Committee (Review, Hearing, and Appeals) .................... 2004-2009 Single Physics Exam Task Force, Chair .......................................... 2002-2005 Exam Development Committee, Chair ............................................. 2002-2005 Certification Committee .................................................................... 1997-2005 Finance Committee ................................................................ 1999, 2002-2005 Ultrasound Physics Exam Development Task Force .... 1994-1997, 1997-2000 Chair ...................................................................... 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999 Abdomen Item Writer .................................................................... March, 1991 Physics & Instrumentation Item Writer ................... October, 1990, March 2003 OB-GYN Examination Committee .................................................... 1980-1982 Liaison - Sonography Coalition ........................................................ 1997-2000 Item Writing Revision & Publishing Task Force ......................................... 1996 American Registry of Radiologic Technologists Appointment: Ad Hoc Committee on Ultrasound ................................... 1981-1982 American Society of Radiologic Technologists Member ............................................................................................. 1967-Present Appointments: 6 Delegate - House of Delegates (State Appointment) ...................... 1992, 1993 PROFESSIONAL SERVICE (CONTINUED IN ALPHABETIC ORDER) American Society of Radiologic Technologists (COMMITTEES CONTINUED) Appointments Joint Review Committee on Education in ........................................ 1986-1989 Diagnostic Medical Sonography ................................................. 1983-1986 Committees: Chair-Task Force on Patient Education in Sonography ................... 1986-1987 Member-Membership Development Committee ............................... 1984-1985 Chair-Diagnostic Medical Sonographers Committee ........................ 1981-1982 Member-Diagnostic Medical Sonographers Committee ................... 1982-1983 Member-Historian Committee .......................................................... 1979-1981 Other: Sonography Needs Focus Group .............................................................. 1986 Australian Society of Ultrasound in Medicine: Honorary Member ............... 2014-2015 Australian Sonographers Association: Member .......................................... 1993-2002 Joint Review Committee on Education in Diagnostic Medical Sonography Member ................................................................................................. 1983-1989 Elected Offices: Chair ............................................................................. 1985-1987, 1987-1989 Secretary .......................................................................................... 1983-1985 Site Visitor 1981-1983, 1990-2004 Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology Site Visitor ............................................................................................. 1973-1983 Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography Associate Editor ..................................................................................... 1985-1989 Editorial Board ................................................................................... 1989-Present Kuwait University, Faculty of Allied Health, Department of Radiologic Sciences Appointed External Examiner .............................................. June 1995, June 1996 Minnesota Society of Diagnostic Ultrasound Member ................................................................................................. 1993-1996 SDMS Educational Foundation Member (Elected by SDMS Board of Directors) .................................... 1995-1998 Vice-President (Elected)................................................................... 1996-1997 Advisory Council ................................................................. 1993-1995, 1998-2001 Liaison - SDMS Board of Directors ........................................................ 1990-1993 The SCAN Development Task Force & Revision 1st Edition) ............... 1999-2000 7 PROFESSIONAL SERVICE (CONTINUED IN ALPHABETIC ORDER) Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonography Joan Baker Pioneer Award ..................................................... September 30, 1995 Elevated to Fellow Member ................................................... March, 1988-present General Member .................................................................................... 1980-1988 Elected Board of Directors: Past-President .................................................................................. 1991-1993 President .......................................................................................... 1989-1991 President-Elect ................................................................................. 1987-1989 Vice President .................................................................................. 1984-1987 Region III Director ............................................................................ 1982-1984 Appointments: Continuing Medical Education ...................................................... 2012-present Ultrasound Coalition Historian .......................................................... 2000-2001 SDMS Educational Foundation Board of Directors .......................... 1995-1998 Acting Region II Director .................................................................. 1983-1984 State Representative ........................................................................ 1981-1982 Committees: Ultrasound Practitioner Committee (formerly: Commission) ............. 2001-2005 Awards Committee ........................................................................... 2001-2002 Chair ................................................................... 2002-2003, 2003-2004 Chair-Professional Practice .............................................................. 1993-1995 Member-Finance Committee ............................................................ 1984-1993 Chair - Student Review .................................................................... 1987-1989 Chair-Nominating Committee ........................................................... 1989-1991 Program Chair ................................................................................. 1984, 1985 Chair-Region III Seminar ........................................................................... 1984 Task Forces: Chair-Profile of the DMS Profession ................................................ 1992-1993 Chair-Scope of Practice ................................................................... 1991-1993 Chair-Guidelines for Student Review ............................................... 1987-1992 Member-Licensure Issues for Sonographers ................................... 1989-1990 Developed Educator’s Tutorial with Mimi Berman, Joan Baker, Jean Spitz To begin at SDMS Annual Conference in 1995................. September 17, 1994 Developed Policy and Procedure Manual .............................................. 1987-1989 Summit on Radiological Sciences and Sonography (Formerly: Summit on Manpower) Chair, Education Committee .................................................................. 1994-1995 Appointed SDMS Representative ....................................... 1990-1993, 1994-1996 Utah Association of Academic Professionals Member ................................................................................................. 1980-1998 8 PROFESSIONAL SERVICE (CONTINUED IN ALPHABETIC ORDER) Utah Diagnostic Medical Sonographers (Formerly: Utah Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers: Discontinued 2009) Member ............................................................................................. 1981-Present Elected Board of Directors: Secretary .......................................................................................... 1998-1999 Chair, Board of Directors .................................................................. 1985-1986 Second Chair, Board of Directors ..................................................... 1984-1985 President and Delegate to USRT ..................................................... 1983-1984 President-Elect ................................................................................. 1982-1983 Secretary .......................................................................................... 1981-1982 Appointments: Constitution and Bylaw Committee, Chair ........................................ 1996-2002 Licensure.......................................................................................... 1981-1996 Co-founder and Organizer of Society ............................................................. 1981 Developed Policy and Procedure Manual ....................................................... 1982 Utah Society of Radiologic Technologists Member ............................................................................................. 1967-Present Marlene Gibb ..................................................................................... May 15, 2004 Elected Board of Director/House of Delegates: Chair, Board of Directors .................................................................. 1993-1994 President .......................................................................................... 1992-1993 President-Elect ................................................................................. 1991-1992 Speaker of the House ...................................................................... 1984-1985 USDMS Delegate ............................................................................. 1984-1985 USDMS Alternate Delegate.............................................................. 1983-1984 RT Representative ........................................................................... 1971-1972 Secretary .......................................................................................... 1968-1979 Appointments: Membership Services ....................................................................... 1994-1999 Properties Chair ............................................................................... 1978-1981 Historian ........................................................................................... 1974-1978 Annual Meeting Co-Chair ................................................................. 1973-1974 Sonographer Liaison ........................................................................ 1980-1983 AUTHOR Kawamura DM, Nolan TL. Diagnostic medical sonography: Abdomen and Superficial Structures, 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer: 2018. Kawamura DM, Lungsford BM. Diagnostic medical sonography: Abdomen and Superficial Structures, 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: 2012. Kawamura DM. Diagnostic medical sonography: A guide to clinical practice, Abdomen and Superficial Structures, 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott-Raven: 1997. Kawamura DM. Diagnostic medical sonography: A guide to clinical practice, Volume III, Abdomen. Philadelphia, PA: J. B. Lippincott: 1992. 9 AUTHOR (Continued) Kawamura DM. Strategy content in higher education at the academic unit level. Dissertation in partial fulfillment of Ph.D., University of Utah. Salt Lake City, UT: 1992. Kawamura DM. Securing clinical affiliations for clinical education," Chapter 3 in Principles and Practices of the College-Based Radiographic Program. Edited by O. Gary Lauer. St. Louis, MO: Warren H. Green, Inc: 1984. PUBLICATIONS Hall R, Bierig M, Coffin, C, Ismail C, Jones A, Kawamura D, Persutte W, Roberts, D, Spitz JL: Ultrasound practitioner master’s degree curriculum and questionnaire response by the SDMS Membership. J Diag Med Sono 2001;17(3):154-61. Kawamura DM, Boyce KE, Shung KK, Calton, SS. Ultrasound physics and instrumentation in clinical practice and applications: An RDMS task survey. J Diag Med Sono 1999;16(1):1-13. Kawamura DM. Professional interactions in sonography: The American experience. J Diag Med Sono 1998;5(4):177-8. Kawamura DM. Present and future trends in sonography: The American outlook. J Diag Med Sono 1989;5(4):186-8. Kawamura DM. Educators-Know the law. J of Diag Med Sono 1986:2(3):171-3. Kawamura DM. Transcending traditional training. Rad Tech 1986;57(3):278. Kawamura DM. The history and process of accreditation for diagnostic medical sonography programs. Rad Tech 1985;56(4):238-41. Kawamura DM et al. A multimedia reference list for sonographers. The American Society of Radiologic Technologists, 15000 Central Avenue, S.E., Albuquerque, NM 87123: 1982. Kawamura DM. Laboratory values in abdominal sonography. In-Service Reviews in Diagnostic Medical Sonography, 1987:8(1). BOOK REVIEWS Reviewer 1980-1995. Published in Radiologic Technology Ultrasound Atlas of Disease Processes, 66(3):204. Ultrasound Scanning: Principles and Protocols, 64(5):306. Diagnostic Ultrasound: Physics, Biology, and Instrumentation, 64(1):49. Pocket Guide To Ultrasound Measurements, 60(5):438. Ultrasound Exam Review: Sonographer's Self-Assessment Guide, 58(5):440. Echocardiography, 58(4):359. Color Atlas of Real-time Two-Dimensional Doppler Echocardiography, 47(4):368. Diagnostic Ultrasound: Principles, Instrumentation and Exercises, 57(3):271. 10 BOOK REVIEWS (Continued) Reviewer 1980-1995. Published in Radiologic Technology Diagnostic Ultrasound for Radiographers, 56(3):161. Manual of Abdominal Sonography, 55(4):107. Textbook of Diagnostic Ultrasonography, 55(3):44-45. 1001 Questions About Diagnostic Medical Sonography, 54(3):229. PRESENTATIONS Class Attendance Does Not Guarantee an A. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonography. Student Pre-2018 Annual Conference, Orlando, FL, October 3, 2018. Discourage Procrastination and Advocate Everyday Learning Matters. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonography. Educator Pre-2018 Annual Conference, Orlando, FL, October 3, 2018. Behaving Professionally: Mentors Wanted. Utah Society of Radiologic Technologists. Annual Conference, Salt Lake City, UT, May 18, 2018. Teaching Students Who May Feel Entitled to an “A”. Association of Collegiate Educators in Radiologic Technology Annual Conference and Business Meeting, Las Vegas, NV, February 2, 2018. Stephen M. McLaughlin Memorial Lecture – Behaving Professionally: Role Model Wanted. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonography. Annual Conference, Orlando, FL, September 30, 2016. Teaching Students Who May Feel Entitled to an “A”. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonography. Educator Tutorial Pre-2016 Annual Conference, Orlando, FL, September 29, 2016. May 2015: Selected to present The Last Lecture at Weber State University. Currently scheduled Fall Semester, 2015 Point-of-Care Sonography Protocols in the Emergency Department. South Dakota State Radiologic Technologists Conference. Best Western Ramkota, Aberdeen, SD, April 24, 2015. Lesson and Action Plans. Educators’ Summit 09: Energize Your Teaching. GE Healthcare Research Park Facility, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, July 24, 2009. Protecting Human Subjects in Research. Educators’ Summit 08: Energize Your Teaching. GE Healthcare Research Park Facility, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, July 25, 2008. Lesson and Action Plans. Association of Collegiate Educators in Radiologic Technology's 31st Annual Conference, Las Vegas, NV: February 1, 2007. 11 PRESENTATIONS (CONTINUED) Under the Hood: How a Test is Really Constructed. Presented with Dale Cyr. Educator’s Tutorial. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' 18th Annual Conference. Denver, CO: October 12, 2006. ARDMS Update. Presented by Dale Cyr. Panel Member with Gwen Henderson, Trish McConkey. Educator’s Tutorial. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' 18th Annual Conference. Denver, CO: October 12, 2006. Active Learning Techniques. Association of Collegiate Educators in Radiologic Technology's 31st Annual Conference, Las Vegas, NV: February 3, 2006. Immediate Opening: Professional Role Model. Association of Collegiate Educators in Radiologic Technology's 30th Annual Conference, Las Vegas, NV: February 4, 2005. Charles A Jabobi Memorial Lecture: The Next 30 Years: ACERT’s Challenges. Association of Collegiate Educators in Radiologic Technology's 30th Annual Conference, Las Vegas, NV: February 3, 2005. Student Challenge. Presented with Starla L. Mason. Association of Collegiate Educators in Radiologic Technology's 30th Annual Conference, Las Vegas, NV: February 3, 2005. ARDMS Update. Presented by Dale Cyr. Panel Member with Paul Cardullo, Gwen Henderson, Trish McConkey. Educator’s Tutorial. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' 18th Annual Conference. Dallas, TX: October 6, 2005. Case Study Challenge. Utah Diagnostic Medical Sonographers Conference, Salt Lake City, UT: September 25, 2004. ARDMS Update. Presented by Dale Cyr. Panel Member with Paul Cardullo, Gwen Henderson, Trish McConkey. Educator’s Tutorial. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' 17th Annual Conference. New Orleans, LA: September 30, 2004. Marlene Gibb Memorial Lecturer: Immediate Opening: Professional Role Model. Utah Society of Radiologic Technologists 72nd Annual Conference, Park City, UT: May 15, 2004. Student Challenge. Presented with Jane Van Valkenburg. Association of Collegiate Educators in Radiologic Technology's 29th Annual Conference, Las Vegas, NV: February 5, 2004. Student Challenge. Presented with Jane Van Valkenburg. Association of Collegiate Educators in Radiologic Technology's 28th Annual Conference, Las Vegas, NV: January 30, 2003. 12 PRESENTATIONS (CONTINUED) Differences and Similarities in Australian and US Radiography Programs. Association of Collegiate Educators in Radiologic Technology's 27th Annual Conference, Las Vegas, NV: January 30, 2003. Student Challenge. Presented with Jane Van Valkenburg. Association of Collegiate Educators in Radiologic Technology's 27th Annual Conference, Las Vegas, NV: January 31, 2002. Distance Education. Presented with Kari Boyce at Educator’s Tutorial. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' 18th Annual Conference. Las Vegas, NV: October 11, 2001. Sonography Clinical Assessment Notebook (The Scan). People to People Ambassador Program. Royal Prince Albert Hospital Pavilion, Sydney, Australia: March 29, 2001. Distance Learning. People to People Ambassador Program. Monash University, Melbourne, Australia: March 27, 2001. Student Challenge. Presented with Jane Van Valkenburg. Association of Collegiate Educators in Radiologic Technology's 26th Annual Conference, Las Vegas, NV: February 1, 2001. Utilizing The SCAN. Presented with Marveen Craig and Jean Spitz. Educator’s Tutorial. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' 17th Annual Conference. Dallas, TX: September 14, 2000. Sonography/Vascular Technology - Enhancing our Clinical Environment. Clinical Conference, Weber State University, Ogden, UT: August 19, 2000. Student Challenge. Presented with Jane Van Valkenburg. Association of Collegiate Educators in Radiologic Technology's 25th Annual Conference, Las Vegas, NV: February 4, 2000. Preparing for Changes in Clinical Education. Association of Collegiate Educators in Radiologic Technology’s 25th Annual Conference, Las Vegas, NV: February 3, 2000. The UltraSim Learning Experience: How to Incorporate the Simulator into the Curriculum. MedSim Luncheon. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' 16th Annual Conference. Anaheim, CA: October 8, 1999. Case Study Challenges. Utah Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City, UT: October 2, 1999. 13 PRESENTATIONS (CONTINUED) Student Challenge. Presented with Jane Van Valkenburg. Association of Collegiate Educators in Radiologic Technology's 24th Annual Conference, Las Vegas, NV: February 5, 1999. Renal Disease and Pathology. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' 15th Annual Conference. Orlando, FL: September 19, 1998. Data Collection, Analysis, and Outcomes. Association of Collegiate Educators in Radiologic Technology's 23rd Annual Conference, Las Vegas, NV: February 6, 1998. Student Challenge. Presented with Jane Van Valkenburg. Association of Collegiate Educators in Radiologic Technology's 23rd Annual Conference, Las Vegas, NV: February 5, 1998. Paradigm for the Future Success of Ultrasound. Radiological Society of North America's Associated Sciences Day. Chicago, IL: November 28, 1997. Developing Critical Thinking. Association of Educators in Radiological Sciences 1995 Annual Meeting. Chicago, IL: November 26, 1997. Guidelines for Item Writing. Educator’s Tutorial. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' 14th Annual Conference. Nashville, TN: September 18, 1997. Renal Masses. South Dakota Society of Radiologic Technologists 49th Annual Meeting, Aberdeen, SD: May 3, 1997 Student Challenge. Presented with Jane Van Valkenburg. Association of Collegiate Educators in Radiologic Technology's 22nd Annual Conference, Las Vegas, NV: February 5, 1997. Educator’s Role in Changing Professional Standards. Educator’s Tutorial. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' 13th Annual Conference. Palm Spring, CA: September 18, 1996. Problem Based Clinical Education. Association of Collegiate Educators in Radiologic Technology's 21st Annual Conference, Las Vegas, NV: February 2, 1996. Student Challenge. Presented with Jane Van Valkenburg. Association of Collegiate Educators in Radiologic Technology's 21st Annual Conference, Las Vegas, NV: February 1, 1996. Outcome Assessments. Florida Hospital College of Health Sciences. Orlando, FL: November 3, 1995. Clinical Education. Florida Hospital College of Health Sciences. Orlando, FL: November 3, 1995. 14 PRESENTATIONS (CONTINUED) Students in Clinical Education. Florida Hospital College of Health Sciences. Orlando, FL: November 2, 1995. Role of the Clinical Instructor. with Virginia Tolsma. Clinical Faculty Seminar. Weber State University, Ogden, UT: October 27, 1995 How Am I Teaching? Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' 12th Annual Conference. Atlanta, GA: September 30, 1995. How Are They Learning? Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' 12th Annual Conference. Atlanta, GA: September 30, 1995. Collaborative Learning. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' 12th Annual Conference. Atlanta, GA: September 29, 1995. Abdominal Lab Values. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' 12th Annual Conference. Atlanta, GA: September 29, 1995. Legislation, Budget and Downsizing, Moderator Group Discussion, and Panel Discussion with Mimi Berman, Rebecca Hall, and Jean Spitz. Educators' Tutorial. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' 12th Annual Conference. Atlanta, GA: September 28, 1995. National Issues Forum. Presented with Jane Van Valkenburg and John P. Lampignano. Association of Collegiate Educators in Radiologic Technology's 20th Annual Conference, Las Vegas, NV: January 18, 1995. Understanding Abnormal Laboratory Values. Association of Collegiate Educators in Radiologic Technology's 20th Annual Conference, Las Vegas, NV: January 19, 1995. Outcomes Assessment: Clinical Education. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' 11th Annual Conference. Chicago, IL: September 17, 1994. Outcomes Assessment: Didactic Education. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' 11th Annual Conference. Chicago, IL: September 17, 1994. Normal/Abnormal Laboratory Function Values - Abdomen. Utah Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' Annual Conference. Park City, UT: May 21, 1994. Legal/Ethical Issues. Clinical Education: Motivation, Opportunities, Strategies, and Techniques. Baptist Memorial Hospital, Memphis, TN: August 20, 1994. Surviving the Changing Winds in Sonography and the Role of the Sonographer. Tennessee Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographer. Memphis, TN: August 18, 1994. 15 PRESENTATIONS (CONTINUED) Understanding Laboratory Values for Abdominal Sonography. Utah Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographer's Annual Conference. Park City, UT: May 21, 1994. Normal/Abnormal Laboratory Values - Obstetrics and Gynecology. Wichita Institute for Clinical Research: 10th Annual Ultrasound Update. Wichita, KS: April 22, 1994. Normal/Abnormal Laboratory Values - Abdomen. Wichita Institute for Clinical Research: 10th Annual Ultrasound Update. Wichita, KS: April 22, 1994. Laboratory Function Values - Abdominal. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' 10th Annual Conference. Anaheim, CA: September 19, 1993. Legal Aspects for an Educational Program. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' 10th Annual Conference. Anaheim, CA: September 18, 1993. Laboratory Function Values - Obstetrics/Gynecology. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' 10th Annual Conference. Anaheim, CA: September 17, 1993. Panel Member. Meet the Experts. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' 10th Annual Conference. Anaheim, CA: September 17, 1993. Pelvic Doppler: Spectral and Color. Australasian Society for Ultrasound in Medicine's 23rd Annual Scientific Meeting. Sonographers' Day. Melbourne, Australia: September 2, 1993. Ultrasound Assessment of the Abnormal Early Pregnancy. Australasian Society for Ultrasound in Medicine's 23rd Annual Scientific Meeting. Sonographers' Day. Melbourne, Australia: September 2, 1993. Other Applications of Transvaginal Sonography. Australasian Society for Ultrasound in Medicine's 23rd Annual Scientific Meeting. Sonographers' Day. Melbourne, Australia: September 2, 1993. History of the Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers. Australasian Society for Ultrasound in Medicine's 23rd Annual Scientific Meeting. Sonographers' Day. Melbourne, Australia: September 2, 1993. Sonographic Physics and Instrumentation Review. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers. Dallas, TX: July 30-31, 1993. Licensure and the Scope of Practice. Minnesota Society of Diagnostic Ultrasound's 13th Annual Conference. Brooklyn Park, MN: April 3, 1993 Laboratory Function Values in Imaging. Utah Society of Radiologic Technologists' Autumn Conference. Mesquite, NV: November 7, 1992 16 PRESENTATIONS (CONTINUED) Correlating Laboratory Function Values to Abdominal Sonography. Telemedicine Canada: October 20, 1992. Preparing a Scientific Presentation. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' 9th Annual Conference. Philadelphia, PA: September 12-13, 1992. Sonographer's Issues in the 90's. As a Panel Member. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' 9th Annual Conference. Philadelphia, PA: September 11, 1992. Sonographic Physics and Instrumentation Review. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers. Dallas, TX: July 17-18, 1992. Ultrasound Biopsy Techniques. American Society of Radiologic Technologists' 63rd Annual Conference, Snowbird, UT: June 15, 1992. Endovaginal Ultrasound Imaging. American Society of Radiologic Technologists' 63rd Annual Conference, Snowbird, UT: June 15, 1992. Abdomen Color Flow Doppler. American Society of Radiologic Technologists' 63rd Annual Conference, Snowbird, UT: June 16, 1992. Writing Across the Curriculum. American Society of Radiologic Technologists' 63rd Annual Conference, Snowbird, UT: June 17, 1992. Program Strategic Planning: Trends Strategies and Obstacles (Part I and Part II). Association of Collegiate Educators in Radiologic Technology's Annual Conference, Las Vegas, NV: February 3, 1992 Multicompetency. Manpower Course No. 623. Radiological Society of North America's Associated Sciences Day. Chicago, IL: December 5, 1991. Sonographer's Issues in the 90's. Facilitator for Panel Discussion. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' 8th Annual Conference. Nashville, TN: September 27, 1991. Correlating Laboratory Function Values to Sonography. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' 8th Annual Conference. Nashville, TN: September 27, 1991. Physics Review. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers. Denver, CO: July 12- 13, 1991. Normal and Abnormal Laboratory Function Values-OB/GYN. American Society of Radiologic Technologists - Conference of the Americas. Albuquerque, NM: June 18, 1991. 17 PRESENTATIONS (CONTINUED) Normal and Abnormal Laboratory Function Values-Abdomen. American Society of Radiologic Technologists' Conference of the Americas. Albuquerque, NM: June 19, 1991. Sonography of the Liver. American Society of Radiologic Technologists' Conference of the Americas. Albuquerque, NM: June 19, 1991. Adrenal Gland Sonography. American Society of Radiologic Technologists' Conference of the Americas. Albuquerque, NM: June 19, 1991. The Importance of Understanding Laboratory Values in Imaging. Utah Society of Radiologic Technologists. Ogden, UT: March 14, 1991. Normal and Abnormal Laboratory Function Values. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonography's Abdominal Specialty Meeting. Tucson, AZ: January 20, 1991. Writing Across the Curriculum (WAC). American Society of Radiologic Technologists/Association of Collegiate Educators in Radiologic Technology's Annual Meeting. Las Vegas, NV: January 11, 1991. Technology of Manpower: Multicompetency. Manpower Course No. 523. Radiological Society of North America's Associated Sciences Day. Chicago, IL: November 28, 1990. Breast Anatomy and Physiology. Utah Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' Breast Awareness Month - Sonography Workshop. Cottonwood Hospital, Murray, UT: October 15, 1990. Writing Across the Sonography Curriculum. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' 7th Annual Conference. Seattle, WA: September 21, 1990. Physics Review. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers. Portland, OR: July 13 and 14, 1990. Critical Thinking and Problem Solving for Managers or Supervisors. Presented with Wynn Harrison at the American Society of Radiologic Technologists' Annual Conference. Orlando, FL: June 9, 1990. Technology of Manpower: Multiple Competency and Cross Training. Manpower Course No. 122. Radiological Society of North America's Associated Sciences Day. Chicago, IL: November 26, 1989. Critical Thinking. Keynote address at the California Society of Radiologic Technologists' 27th Annual Teachers Conference. Irvine, CA: October 6, 1989. Physics Review. Utah Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers. Ogden, UT: August 26, 1989. 18 PRESENTATIONS (CONTINUED) Physics Review. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers. Portland, OR: July 21 and 22, 1989. Critical Thinking and Problem Solving for Managers and Supervisors. Presented with Wynn Harrison at the American Society of Radiologic Technologists' Annual Conference. Milwaukee, WI: June 27, 1989. Critical Thinking and Problem Solving for Educators. Presented with Wynn Harrison at the American Society of Radiologic Technologists' Annual Conference. Milwaukee, WI: June 28, 1989. Critical Thinking and Problem Solving for Sonographers. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' Annual Conference. Boston, MA: April 14, 1989. The Sonographer in the Year 2000. Diagnostic Ultrasound Society of Kentucky. Louisville, KY: March 18, 1989. Critical Thinking and Problem Solving. American Society of Radiologic Technologist Educational Foundation Winter Conference, Portland, OR: February 2, 1989. Critical Thinking and Problem Solving. American Society of Radiologic Technologist Educational Foundation/Western Intercollegiate Consortium on Education in Radiologic Technology's Annual Conference, Reno, NV: October 26, 1988. Present and Future Trends in Sonography. World Federation of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology/American Institute of Medicine/Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' Second World Sonographer's Day Conference, Washington, DC: October 18, 1988. Professional Interactions in Sonography. World Federation of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology/American Institute of Medicine/Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' Second World Sonographer's Day Conference, Washington, DC: October 17, 1988. Physics Review. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' Student Review. Toronto, Canada: September 9 and 10, 1988. The Scope of the Profession. Utah Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers/Utah Society of Radiologic Technologists Annual Meeting. Park City, UT: May 14, 1988. Critical Thinking/Problem Solving. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' 5th Annual Spring Conference. Anaheim, CA: March 26, 1988. Seeing With Sound. Utah Math and Science Network's "Expanding Your Horizons" Conference. Weber State University, Ogden, UT: November 7, 1987. 19 PRESENTATIONS (CONTINUED) Update for Diagnostic Medical Sonography Programs. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' Fall Symposium. New Orleans, LA: October 5, 1987. Physics Review. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' Student Review. St. Louis, MO: September 19, 1987. Transcending Traditional Training. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' 4th Annual Spring Conference. Chicago, IL: April 25, 1987. Site Visitors Update. Presented with Jean Lea and Marilyn Fay for the Joint Review Committee on Education for Diagnostic Medical Sonographers at the Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' 4th Annual Spring Conference. Chicago, IL: April 25, 1987. The Adult Learner. American Society of Radiologic Technologists' 58th Annual Conference. Washington, DC: July 3, 1987. Diagnostic Medical Sonography Education. American Society of Radiologic Technologists' 58th Annual Conference. Washington, DC: July 2, 1987. Presenting Your Expertise. Utah Society of Radiologic Technologist/Utah Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' Annual Conference. Provo, UT: May 16, 1987. Seeing With Sound. Utah Math and Science Network's "Expanding Your Horizons" Conference. Weber State University, Ogden, UT: November 8, 1986. Leaping Learning Limitations. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' 3rd Annual Spring Conference. Orlando, FL: April 26, 1986. Writers' Workshop. Utah Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' Winter Conference, Salt Lake City, UT: March 1, 1986. Diagnostic Medical Ultrasound Physics. Northwest Conference of Radiologic Technologists. Salt Lake City, UT: September 13, 1985. Transcending Traditional Training. American Society of Radiologic Technologists' 56th Annual Conference. Denver, CO: June 25, 1985. Site Visitors Conference. Presented with Jean Lea at the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine/Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' Annual Meeting, Dallas, TX: October 10, 1985. Writer's Workshop. Presented with Mimi Berman at the Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' 2nd Annual Spring Conference. Las Vegas, NV: March 23, 1985. 20 PRESENTATIONS (CONTINUED) Legal Issues Regarding Students. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' 2nd Annual Spring Conference. Las Vegas, NV: March 22, 1985. Interpretation of Scans by Sonographers: Con Position. Presented with Mimi Berman, Frank Hadlock, and Kenneth Taylor at the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine/Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographer's Annual Meeting, Kansas City, MO: September 18, 1984. Clinical Competency Evaluation System. American Society of Radiologic Technologists' 55th Annual Conference. Reno, NV: June 11, 1984. Establishing an Accredited Program. A presentation made for the Joint Review Committee on Education for Diagnostic Medical Sonographers at the Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' 1st Annual Spring Symposium. Las Vegas, NV: April 7, 1984. Historical and Active Research. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' 1st Annual Spring Symposium, Las Vegas, NV: April 6, 1984. Clinical Competency Seminar. American Institute on Ultrasound in Medicine/Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' Annual Meeting. New York, NY: October 18, 1983. Principles and Practices in Establishing an Accredited Program in Diagnostic Medical Sonography. American Society of Radiologic Technologists' 53rd Annual Conference. Baltimore, MD: July 26, 1983. Anatomy is Fun to Learn. Utah Society of Radiologic Technologists'/Utah Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers' Annual Conference. Homestead, UT: May 21, 1982. Techniques in Making a Differential Diagnosis. 3rd Annual St. Alphonsus Symposium on Radiologic Technology. Boise, ID: October 3, 1981. Correlating Obstetrical Ultrasound and Laboratory Data. Utah Society of Medical Technologists' Annual Conference. Park City, UT: May 7, 1981. Psycho-Social Medicine. A six-hour workshop co-presented with Jane A. Van Valkenburg, George Pales, and Wynn J. Harrison for the Utah Society of Radiologic Technologists. Weber State University, Ogden, UT: March 4, 1978. 21 COMMUNITY, CHURCH, AND VOLUNTEER SERVICE Junior Girl Scout Advisor and Neighborhood Chair..................................... 1981-1982 St. Joseph High School Home and School Association Member ........................................... 1987-1990 Athletic Booster Club Member .......................................................... 1986-1990 Nevada Night Committee Member ................................................... 1986-1989 Polk School Elementary School Science Fair Co-Founder and Chair......... 1981-1982 Utah Science Math Network Speaker ........................................................ 1986, 1987 High School Science Fair Judge-Weber State University ................ 1978, 1979, 1980 St. James the Just Catholic Parish, Ogden, Utah Communion Minister of the Eucharist .......................................... 1979-present Media Fair, Chairman ................................................................... 2003-present Dream to Reality Capital Campaign ................................................. 1999-2004 Dream to Finality Capital Campaign ............................................. 2013-present Renew Leader - Small Groups .................................... 1988, 1999, 2000, 2001 Parish Council Parish Elected Member ................... 1979-1981, 1997-2000, 2001-2004 Ex Officio ............................................................................... 2000-2001 Elected Secretary ............................................... 1997-1998, 1998-1999 Elected President ............................................... 1999-2000, 2001-2002 Council Elected Vice President .......................... 1979-1980, 1980-1981 Religious Education Retreat – Confirmation (Small Group Facilitator) ..... 2008, 2011-present Teacher - Confirmation II (10th Grade) ................................. 2001-2009 Teacher - 6th Grade .......................................... 1966-1985, 1993-2001 Recipient-Saint Pius X Award ................................................ April, 1981 RCIA Guest Presenter .................................................................... 1992- 2007 Adult Spiritual Renewal Series Adult Small Group Leader ..................................................... 1999-2001 Co-Coordinator ................................................... 1980-1981, 1986-1987 Vacation Bible School (began program in 1980) Director .................................................................................. 1980-1987 Teacher .............................................................. 1980-1984, 1988-1991 Committee on Evangelization Chair ................................................. 1979-1982