gle soul pass o’er the border, dinosaur, needed et nn A}! ct > ry _ S < o cot their own diver. “and as I, anyone doubts the extent divert our eyes or our energies from the harsh realities Jitical sx that face s pai our own fellowmen. S ae i fPo- nas cil 4 . The elementary tool rent are found in the charter. re to be. kept, y made them. |o oO ® ° lid not a truce to terror. Let us invoke the blessings of peace, And, as we build an internae future holds no hope. tional capacity to keep peace, let us join in disThat is why my nation—which menting the national capacity to wage war. goal without mea: shared its capital and its technology OT. : i means | of verifying its others help themselves—now proposes. official‘This will require new strength and new of keeping the peace ly designating this decade of the 1960’s as the roles for a new United Nations. For dis- plan, and a test—a test of who is only willing U.N. Decade of Development. Under the .armament without checks is but a shadow— to talk and who is also willing to act. f framework of that resolution, the:U.N.’s exist- | i and a community without law is but.a shell. Such a plan w ould n t bring a world free| ‘ing efforts in promoting economic growth can| Already the United Nations has become both from conflict or greed—but it would bring a be expanded and coordinated. ~ Regional sur: | the measure and the vehicle of man’s most ‘world free from the terrors of mass destruc- veys and training institutes can pool the talgenerous impulses, Already it has provided— tion. It would not usher | in the era of the ents of many. New research, technical assistin the Middle Hast, in Africa, in Asia—a means | super- -state—but it would usher in an era in ance and pilot projects can unlock the wealth of holding violence. within bounds. which no state could ihilate or be annihi- of less developed lands and untapped waters. _ But the great question which confronted | lated by another, | __ | And development can become a cooperative, | the this body in 1945 is still before us—whether ompetitive, enterprise—to enable all na‘ man’s cherished hopes for progress and free, however diverse in their systems and | dom are be destroyed by tactics of terror and. efs, al pecome. in fact as well as ‘law both > , it must be rejected. If change it must be subject nd if there is negotiation, it utual respect and concern thers... Sreecte those i ° es) e eace would be a fraud. oe SN = angerous crisis in Berlin— Ss because of threats against - But the mysteries of outer space must not xcept ew either our rights or ee affect = able to run or a crow fly.” llege that we are threaten0 prevent the Soviet Union from signing a so-called The Western Allies are not paper arrangement the As we extend the rule of law on earth, so a must we also extend it & may Ss new domain Outer space. ~ All of us salute the pave: cosmonauts of |e the Soviet Union. The new horizons of outer space must not be riven’ by the old bitter | concepts of imperialism and sovereign claims. The cold reaches of universe ‘must not be| come the new arena of an even colder war. To this end, we shall urge proposals extending the United Nations charter to the th limits of man’s exploration in the universe, reserving outer space for peaceful “use, prohibiting ‘weapons of mass destruction in space or on celestial bodies, and opening the mysteries and -penefits- of | ‘space. to every na-|. tion. We shall further propose cooperative ef-| , forts in weather prediction and eventually We shall propose, finally, weather. control, a global system of communications satellites f systems as well as linking the whole world in telegraph, tele-| Itimately halt their pro-|! phone, radio. and television: The day need’ as well as inet t ng, their transfer not be far away when such a system ‘will teleof this. oe = et It would achieve, vise the ee t | corner of the wo. o the ° so to settle disputes. It can no longer’ be of|' concern to great powers alone. For a nuclear duction _ disaster, spread by winds and waters and fear, could well engulf the great and the small, the rich and the poor, the committed and the uncommitted alike. Mankind must put an sae all to war—or war will put an e 0 w proper control—and man, like will decline and disappear. - & o » a <¢ Special to THE WALL STREET JOURNAL NEW YORK—Following is the text of _ President Kennedy’s address before the United Nations General Assembly yesterto go beyond he Aas in oe to reach day: agreement on aca ee We meet in an hour of grief and challenge. The program to. Dag Hammarskjold is dead. But the United s embly—for genera! seg Nations lives on, His tragedy is deep in our ment under. effecti "| hearts, but the task for which he died is moves to. bridge the gi ih h at the top of our agenda. A noble servant of ‘insist on a gradual approach and those who peace is gone, But the quest for peace lies t alk only of the final and total achievement. before us ‘ ek t would create machinery to keep the peace The problem is not the death of one man as it destroys the m achines of war. It would ced and safeguarded —the problem is the life of this organiza- proceed through b tion. It will either grow to meet the challenge stages designed ‘to give no state a military . It would place the of our age—or it will be gone with the wind, advantage over ano verification and conwithout influence, without force, without re- f inal responsibility spect, Were we to let it, die—to enfeeble its t rol where it belongs— : ot with the big powers vigor—to cripple its powers——we would con-| alone, not with one’s adversary or one’s self but in an international organization within demn the future. the framework of the: United Nations itself. Fér in the development of this organization t assure that indispensable condition rests the only true alternative to war—and It would ‘ oe % :: war appeals no longer as a rational alterna- Ree uch disruption—whether the “foul winds of war’ r that issue be Beas are miles into 42 free and et to no rigid formula. We ‘solution. We recognize that an, fora time, keep a nainst its’ will, however unwise r be. : independent| Less than 2% of the world’s population Sue “dependent” territories, nore the remaining problems of| — at ‘the appropriate time that a n found. For there is no need Berlin—ana if those who cre- } r and never ta new weapon, \ fear to nego- Throughout . And it is in the any nation today or foe, that the the will and the 4 mn rsuasion or example. But | ither because the terrorthat free men could not we sometimes seem to abyss, let no man of peace Me he does not ‘stand rsevere—if we can in anaes Set Cae st Seen nations to adopt ‘like systems— the jailor of freedom, and wth. Nor can we expect to ce trivance, by fiat or even} rm bet » here to look across this world the world of peace. In that o: ‘we shall save our planet—| shall perish in its flames. e it we must—and. then 1 nal thanks of men and as peace makers of God. —_—_—_—_ Aqueduct Work roup of companies foluding Construction Co,; Contracting & Ivanston, Ill.; Kenny Construc)kie, Ill.; and Graver Tank & Mana division of Union Tank Car awarded a $3,900,000 contract th le year, the company. said.. ly 6,600 feet of a inch pipe ipe. Ss ae water across the nd 0. 1d river's and is Bat \ aes f et NS aarska oy one man than ‘by t : oni horses of the troika did not Tae three aries, i, only ha ‘exploltadon of new nations by old, all going in different directions. They had dark skins’ by light—or the subjugation of the| oi only one—and so must the U.N. executive. To Pp install a triumvirate, or any panel or rotating and we know what colonialism means; the «, authority, in the United Nations administrative 5 exploitation and subjugation of the weak by offices would replace - ‘order with anarchy, the powerful, of the many by the few, of the action with paralysis,” ahd confidence with gross confusion. ‘The Secretary General, in a very real Rene. - And that is why there is no ignoring the : And the pleas of is the servant of this assembly. Diminish fact that the time of self-determination has. 04 disregard. a his authority and you diminish the authority _|yet reached the Communist empire, where Finally, as the exp! of the only body where all nations, regard: | population far larger than that. officially “ less of power, are equal and sovereign. Until termed ‘‘dependent” lives under governments all the powerful are just, the weak will be Jinstalled by foreign troops instead of free in‘secure only in the strength of this assembly. | stitutions—under a system which knows only A Effective and independent executive action one party and one belief—which suppresses fre is not the same question as balanced representation. In view of the enormous change in ; = and trade unions—and which builds a wall to ne the membership of this body since its found- ins -| keepstruth a stranger and its own citizens prising, the American delegation will join in any) oners. Let us debate colonialism in full—and effort for the prompt review and revision of the composition of United Nations bodies. Wo experiments | in But to give this organization three drivers lobe. e —to permit each great power in effect to de- destruction. & ; IX. t cide its own case—would entrench the cold Our tests are not polluiing the atmosphere, As President of the United States, I conwar in the headquarters of peace, Whatever Our deterrent weapons are guarded against sider it my duty to report to this Assembly on advantages such a plan holds out to my coun: accidential explosion or use, Our doctors and to the peace which are not on try, as one of the great powers, we reject it. scientists stand ready to help any nation two threats your crowded ,agenda, but which cause us, ad For we far prefer world law,, in the age of measure and meet the hazards to health which most of you, the deepest concern. n self-determination, to world war, in the a result from the tests of others, The first. threat on which I wish to report of mass extermination. - But to halt the spread of these terrible| is widely| misunderstood: The smoldering coals TU. ’ j weapons, to halt the contaannation of the air of war in Southeast Asia. South Vietnam is uclelea, xe Today, every inhabitant of this planet must to halt the spiralling nu e already under attack—sometimes by a single contemplate the day when it may no longer be remain ready to seek ne assassin, sometimes by a band of guerrillas, ent. Our new co elle eae thus habitable. Every man, woman. and child lives recently by on ry The peaceful bordunder a nuclear sword of Damocles, hanging includes the following promaea S: mbodia and India have | —First, signing thet by the slenderest of threads, capable of being cut at any moment by accident, miscalculation nations. This can be“ negotiations need noty®a: or madness. The sree pone of war must be general di -abolished before thi L one can war _ no For these are free countries living under oa, are a ‘symptom or cause of tension. mere ernments of their own choosing. Nor are these. Yr existence of modern weapons—10 million times | ¥ enting aggressions any less real because men are more destructive than anything the world has ing nuclear weapons. knifed in their homes and nok shot in the fields ‘ h '—Third, prohibiting the transfer oe conever known, and only minutes away from any of battle. the to states: that do target on earth—is a source of horror, of dis- trol over ‘nuclear ven The very simple. ciation conteauliag the lio : _cord and distrust. Men no longer maintain that not now own them, world community is whether measures can be disarmament must await the settlement’ of all|'— |! | devised to protect the small and - the weak | ; outer. ‘space. disputes—for disarmament must be a part of |seeding new battleground: in _|from stich tacti¢s. ‘For if they are ‘successful | —Fifth, gradually destroying existing he in oe and South Vietnam, any permanent settlement. And men no longthe gates will. be er pretend that the quest for disarmament is clear weapons and convertining their ‘materials ‘to peaceful uses; and a sign of weakness—for in a spiralling arms United States seeks for itself no- boas, —Finally, halting th rf himited testing and| no: the race, a nation’s security may well be shrinkterritory, no special position in this. area of | production of strategic nuclear delivery ve- any kind, We support a truly neutral and ining even as its arms increase, . For 15 years this organization has sought hicles, and gradually destroying them as wel, dependent Laos, its people free from outside| the reduction and destruction of arms. Now interference, living at peace with themselves that goal is no longer a dream-—it is a practical To destroy arms, however, is not enough. and their neighbors, assured that their terri matter of life or death. The risks inherent in We must create even as we destroy—creating tory will not be used for attacks on others, | disarmament pale in comparison to he risks world-wide law and law enforcement as we and comparable (as Mr. Khrushchev and I inherent in an unlimited arms race. outlaw world-wide war and weapons. In the agreed at Vienna) to Cambodia and Burma. — It is in this spirit that the recent Belgrade world we seek, United Nations emergency But now the negotiations over Laos are|{ Confevence—recognizing that this is no longer forces which have be reaching a crucial stage. The ceasefire is at} a Soviet problem or an American problem, but | best precarious. Laotian territory is being use a human problem—endorsed‘ a program of to infiltrate South Vietnam. The world commu: |: “general, complete and. strictly and interna-nity must recognize that this potent threat to} tionally controlled disarmament.”’ It is in this} tha Laotian peace and freedom is facivistVis ‘from i same)-spirit that we’ in the United States have all other threats to. their own. labored this year, with a new urgency, and Secondly, I wish to report to ‘you on. the ay with a new, now-statutory agency fully en- iy trained and quickly d- | crisis over Germany, and Berlin. This is not the dorsed by the Congress, to find an approach to vance a — ‘time or the place for immoderate tones, but| gan disarmament which would be so far-reaching suppor the world community is entitled to know th yet realistic, so mutually ‘balanced and benewill| very simple issues as we see. them. If there i ficial, that it could be accepted by every suggest a series of ‘steps a crisis it is because an existing peace is nation. And it is in this spirit that we have Nations’ machinery for |under threat—because an existing island ‘of | presented. to the Soviet Union—under the label of disputes——for on-the-s m free people is under pressure— because solemn both nations now accept of ‘‘general and comsl - extending tie’ rie agreements are being treated ‘with contempt. plete -disarmament’’—a statement of. newly- of international law. For peace is not solely a Established international rights are being agreed principles for negotiation i ani blem—it is primarily threatened with unilateral usurpation. Peacet we are well aware that all issues of | : ople. And unless ful circulation has. been. aniegyapied by barbed ie as oe principle are not settled—and. that’ ‘principles |. alone are not enough. It is therefore our in| “One recalls the orde¥ of the Cee in ‘Push: ‘tt tention to challenge the Soviet Union, not to political development, ike | kin’s Boris Godunov: “Take steps at this. very will hour that our frontiers be fenced by barriers: an arms race, but to a peace race—to ad- that of the ginoset = SS My country: aon a aie of free and ‘equal a states, We agree with those who say that y issue in this assembly. ee a can be tamed in time to free the cooling winds of reason—and whether the pledges of our charter are to be fulfilled or defied: Pledges |! to secure peace, progress; hymen. rights and iis respect for world Jaw : ; In this hall there are not three forces, but S only two. One is composed - of those who are trying to build the kind of world described in} r Articles I and II of the charter. The other, seeking a different world, a ‘undermine this organization in the proces Today of all days. our Mediontton ec that : charter must be strengthened, It must be strengthened first of all, by the selection of an outstanding’ civil servant to carry-forward ihe er responsibilities of the Secretary General—a man endowed with both the wisdom and tke power to make meaningful the moral force of the world community, The late Secretary suring ihe end of. nu General nurtured and.sharpened the United in every environmen Nations obligation to act. But he did not in- trols. The United Sta vent it. It was there in the charter, It is still dom have proposed sah in in the charter,