/ ‘NEW TECHNIQUES, DRUGS 2 MEDICINE Scientific Puzzle: Why Surgery Marks Progress SCIENCE — In Modern Heart Cures Is Pacific Warming Up? (Editor's Note—Heart disease today fs our leading_killer, and most worrisome disease. How can we best cope with its problems or minimize its inroads? To get some of the answers, the Associated Press asked Dr. Paul. Dudley White, renowned heart specialist, to review developments since he treated President Eisenhower for coronary thrombosis in 1955. In the following exclusive report he tells of progress made and brings his own views up fo date. In o doing, he finds the President among “the : favorable’ group of heart. patients. SAN. Alaska, ington And arti#le summarizing.some.current |” medical experiences and thoughts A surgical team at Brooklyn Jewish Hospital heart-lung White (above), the President’s most extension knowledge physician. Fats Cause Heart Ills? |: concerning the over functions of the heart and lung. The first is marvelous new sur- machines, and by applying of normal artery even fabrics. DONE segments or EXTENSIVELY ing circulation to the in repair- brain, the pre- kidneys and the heart muscle it- pling of the heart muscle was not | ment. is the recognition that whatof the heart rather to the ever methods we eventually discover to protect against coronary cutting off of much of the blood heart disease are also likely to supply due to thrombosis—clot protect against some of the blood formation—superimposed on: ath- vessel disabilities of the brain, By JERRY BENNETT ical process called hydrogenation erosclerosis—the thickening of WASHINGTON (NEA) — which hardens them. This is the the inner wall—of the vital coroA Whether you should pass up that case of many of the household {nary arteries of the heart. scar or infarct is often left in serving of thick sausage gravy in | baking and frying ingredients, the heart muscle tissue. This conorder to stay alive is one of the The Pitman-Moore Drug Co. questions that medical scientists has developed a special non hy- cept was pioneered by James HerEas hope to answer as they try to find drogenated margarine from corn rick of Chicago. Then 35 years ago Rene Leriche the exact cause of heart disease. During recent years, fats have been strongly suspected as the cause of atherosclerosis, the most oil which is sold only in drug stores. Recent hosiptal tests show that the special margarine, called of France established that much disability muscles and often the potas- crises. the fact of leg symptom to vascular disease of the. brain; 10 per cent to effects of high blood pressure on the heart without major arteriosclerosis;; 4 per cent to diseases of other arteries of the body, and 14 per cent to heart matic Finally I should not the progress in our use of well-regulated prove fatal if it takes or brain. The fatty material place which often shows up in the largest amounts is a vital chemical called: cholesterol which the body uses to make sex hormones. It’s this evidence that’s responsible for the indictment of some of your favorite foods’ and one of the biggest controversies in medical history. DRASTIC CHANGES Many doctors believe that drastic changes should be made in the average American’s diet. They base their beliefs on studies that show that fats increase the amount of cholesterol in the blood. To further support their arguments, they point to statistics was announced For instance, they report that the people of Denmark, West Ger‘many, the Netherlands, Norway pand, Sweden eat about. the. same amounts of fats as U.S. citizens. | But the heart attack fatality rate of those countries is only half that of the U.S. OTHER THINGS These doctors also explain that cholesterol has never been proved to be the chemical ringleader in causing atherosclerosis and that other blood substances may do as much or even. more damage. They explain that other things besides animal fats also tend to incerase the amounts of cholester- ol in a person’s blood. Several that show a direct relationship experiments have shown a direct between the consumption of fats relationship between tension and and a country’s heart attack rate. a rise in the fatty substance. Another of their arguments For instance, medical studies. against condemning fats too soon show that the average American gets about 45 per cent of his cal- is based on reports that throw ories from fats while a Japanese gets only 10 per cent. This dietary difference is probably responsible for Japan’s heart attack rate being only one-fourth that of the U.S., these doctors say. Laboratory experiments have revealed that only certain types suspicion sugar and proteins. Doctors explain that the real villain can only be named after scientists have completed research. ° ,of fats raise the cholesterol level of the blood. These are saturated | ' | fats which are derived from ani- | somate on a lot more in 1934 by Harry Goldblatt of Cleveland, who showed that obstruction to blood flow through one of the renal arteries might so affect the kid2 that high blood’ pressure would result. This was received with considerable skepticism except for isolated cases, but very recently careful X-ray studies by injection of radio-opaque dyes have revealed an increasing number of instances of high blood pressure due to this cause. Most recently of all has come the discovery that at least some of the acquired vascular disease of the brain—such as “little strokes” and even major apoplexies—may be caused by reduction of blood supply to the brain by atherosclerotic disease with or without thrombosis of vital arteries to or in the brain, especially the internal carotid, the vertebral, and the basilar arteries. Even the blood supply to the gastrointestinal tract can be similarly impeded. ° This brought ments. new knowled two important as e has levelop- | a cause of death bustion in the atmosphere. “This forms a blanket in the atmosphere that absorbs solarradiation in a greenhouse effect,” Miller said. “The heat gets in © but can’t get out. Any increase in solar radiation over the ocean tends to heat up the water.” “cannery absence. points to a dra- from heart con- tried. Ane} phe. control of infections and dis-| much of their toll in rheumatic for| heart disease and cardiovascular bacterial infections of the heart, syphilis or other infections. and drugs to reduce blood pres“Improvement” in living consure or to remove excess water ditions with attendant prosperity, from the body. which appears to bring hazards And now for more detail about as well as advantages, seases, including More and more of these are being repaired by many able surgeons. They have developed techniques —not always as yet completely perfected—of opening the heart for direct vision by cooling the middle-aged It is happening every day to died in 1956 died of diseases the heart and blood vessels. of hundreds. of citizens, mostly in. temperature was four S degrees. MORE RAINFALL ‘Effects of the phenomenon have not. been limited to the Increasing’ longevity of Barrow, Alaska, the ice went out Miller believes the tempera-| ture of the good deal on water depends a the strength of the prevailing northwesterly winds. “When these winds are strong they speed up the California current and the upwelling of cold our. water from the ocean bottom,” he said. “If the winds: slow down population, with the seemingly inevitable arteriosclerosis of older there is less upwelling and the|. to ages, water is warmer along the coast. In thinking of longevity, one Winds have been lighter than: The realistic fact is that 54 might add that sudden, painless usual in the past few years.” per cent of all Americans who deaths occurring during sleep at the age of 100 years or more after a healthy, active, happy and use-|| In this cardiovascular group, 51 per cent of deaths were due ful lifetime might be a desirable goal for 100 per cent of the world’s population. That is, everyone would die of cardiovascular did the operation, Stephen’s only hope of living Des. .: yond childhood. “Stephen knew how much the operation meant to him,” Fredrick Smith explained. “We have told him he can run and play like the other boys on the street if he gets well. I didn’t try to mislead him but he has so much confidence in me that he thought . I would do the operation.” a At the head surgeon’s suggestion, Smith went along when Stephen was wheeled into the operating room. Doctors let the boy believe his father would remain there. In the eyes of the frightened child, his dad was the man who would see him through this greatest trial. “T don’t want to tell him yet about the wonderful surgeons here who performed the operation,” said Smith. “He believes I did it. I think it comDoctors repaired a hole in the wall separating chambers of the lad’s heart. The surgery appeared to be successful, but it will be a few days before physicians can tell whether Stephen will recover. disease, with no more cancer, fatal infections, accidents, or war. Ree : TT Last year was far and away the ‘best year for Southern California sport fishermen who made record catches of warm water barracuda, yellowtail, bonito, yellowfin tuna, skipjack and dolphinfish. Many were taken much farther north. The warm water also was cred- ited with a tremendous. increase in anchovies off the central California Coast. Marine biologist Donald P. Abbott of the Hopkins Marine Station, Pacific Grove, reported that some 4,000 schools of the herring-like fish were spotted in a recent aerial survey.. As for the effect on land tem- northward migration of warm water fish. Some scientists believe the warmth of the ocean -has resulted in increased rainfall peratures, Miller explains it this and higher temperatures on land. way: “The warm water heats the Dr.’ Robert C. Miller, director air above it. Warm ocean and of the California Academy of warm air increase the rate of Sciences here, also pointed out that on the western edge of the evaporation. Warm air holds more _ than cold air. As it Pacific the tropical rainy season moisture lasted almost six weeks longer moves toward shore and inland across the it thus inthan usual; Hawaii had its first creases: the continent amount of warming recorded hurricane and. at: Point rain that is dropped.” | men. where surgeons mended his defective heart. Stephen still believes it was his father, a 31year-old London boilermaker, who performed the surgery. Actually it was Mayo Clinic surgeons pe \been profoundly affected by the change in the Pacific’s temperature. : : i ditions. — on July 1 last year, the earliest Now there has been a great. date in history. te change, attributable largely to What’s the reason. for the wena? e three factors: circulatory antibiotics acute coronary thrombosis—which continues to hold the limelight. forts him to feel that.” other - HELD FIRST PLACE SURGEONS MEND HEART- _ LAD THINKS DAD DID IT fats. or A generation ago, rheumatic heart disease held first place as it threatens, or when some clotting already has occurred in patients with arterial disease of the heart, brain or legs. New been defects, causes.- anticoagulant drugs to prevent thrombosis or blood clotting when anticoagulants have diseases including rheufever, syphilitic disease, congenital Emdee, reduced the cholesterol of pain in the buttocks, thighs body, by the use of heart-lung levels of patients when it was sub- and calves were caused by simarteries. stituted for regular ingredients ilar involvement of the lower end Atherosclerosis is a disease that in the preparation of their food. of the great artery, the aorta, and causes fatty deposits to form inMany heart specialists, however, side the arteries. When these sub- believe that it’s still too early to its two main divisions. In 1940, stances start to harden, they nar- recommend that healthy individu- surgery to correct this condition began, but it took some time berow an artery so that its ability als shun animal fats to avoid fore this was adequately recogto handle the flow of blood is heart disease. They explain that nized by us in the United States. destroyed or severely hampered. ROCHESTER, Minn. (AP)—Great confidence in there are too many unexplained This condition often leads to the his dad and a desire to be as strong as other kids factors involved in coronary at- \ IMPORTANT DISCOVERIES formation of a blood clot which Another important discovery led 5-year-old Stephen Smith to the operating room. tacks to place all the blame on can had of 1957, the water ranged up to jeight degrees warmer than the 30-year average. The average in- . high blood pressure; 21 per cent : legs and kidneys. Another brilliant advance fs surgical correction of congenital | and acquired defects of the heart. common form of hardening of the in vessels that nourish the heart Dr. Paul D. to. coronary arteriosclerosis with or without such complications as USE OF DRUGS This has already been done quite extensively for obstruction in the aorta and major leg ar- our cult _ In the early 1920’s, we began | And other promising results. ito realize ‘that*much of the crip- ‘yielding The second important develop-| troduced against Scientists Undecided he The trend began in the south in 1955 and gradually spread northward until, by late summer a crease sium to produce temporary standthe obstructing material from in- still of the heart. Still another recent advance is side the arteries—a_ technique called endarteriectomy—or to re- recognition of the vital role place the most seriously affected played by. electrolyte imbalance sections of the arteries by grafts have brought new help in diffi- ponderant role that disease of the self. Such pioneering surgery, arteries plays in the malfunction much of it led by Dr. Michael of our vital organs. er | Debake ey of Houston, is already. : Hous’ ue to a disease muscle itself, but while \ significant. teries, and has begun of a heart operation this gery directed either to removing LIST OF ADVANCES the at left, takes Photos) First I shall list some of the more important’ and interesting advances in the general field ‘of cardiovascular disease during recent years: the machine, performs White, President Eisenhower’s chief heart specialist, says newly-perfected surgery methods will help combat the large toll taken by heart diseases. (AP Newsfeature sort can be helpful for both doctors and their patients, present or future, Needless to say, it can be but fragmentary, but I hope that some of the fragments may arouse interest, is fish State coast. — the once-famed All of which | disease and indeed of medicine as. Perhaps a matic change. in the mighty: Pacific—it’s heating up. At least, it’s. getting warmer in coastal waters stretching from Peru to the Gulf of Alaska. Much blood has flowed through advance landed | eral years’ innumerable coronary arteries since then and it has been suggested, again by the Associated Press, that I write about the current status of some of our newer) knowledge and experiences about coronary thrombosis, and certain other, interesting aspects of heart MUCH PROGRESS has been made in treating heart patients since 1955 when President Eisenhower suf: fered a coronary thrombosis, according to Dr. Paul D. Another possible reason for warmer water is the increased accumulation of smog and other carbon dioxide products of com- row” of Monterey, Calif., began stirring this summer with the re- _ Regardless of the cause, the ‘appearance of sardines after sev-| California fisheries industry. has concerning heart disease and its relationships, with especial reference to heart attacks caused by coronary thrombosis. e — cuda were spotted off the Wash- Three years ago I prepared an occasional review of (UPI) never seen before. It was a white sea bass, rarely found north of San Diego, Calif. At about the same time a warm water albacore tuna and a barra- (Copyright, 1958, by he Associated Press) a whole. FRANCISCO Not long ago an Indian in Juneau, By PAUL D. WHITE, M.D._ - An THE OGDEN STANDARD-EXAMINER 7A OGDEN, UTAH, SUNDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 14, 1958 AUTO — All risks written. Bond ft Ins. Comp. Personal Liability FIRE C. Tesch EX 252072. : ?