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Show • • JPEG-Bk13 ···T IT .L E PA G E PIONEER (full name) BIRTH (date and place} DEA TH (date and place} ·PARENTS . MARRIED (who and date) ARRIVAL IN UTAH (date) (Company a~ri ved with) HISTORY (who wrote) (date written) (who submitted) (address) CAMP & c;ouNTY SUBMITTING The Pioneers - A Self Sustaining People William Edwin· Berrett Louise Butters Waldron -~S-c-u~t~b. ....M. ~a~r~g~a~o~-------Camp _M_o .r... g_a_n_ __________ County ( Camp Historian & address )_ _-= L;:...;u;:...;!c=i .. ..l "'l=-e-.::::.0....: .--'-'W-=i-=l-=1-=i=a~m.:..:s::....-._ _______ County Historian & address ) _.. , :;.i"'3"a..,.,..r....;;b...;;.a;.;;;r...;;a.;___;C;_.___;P;_o.;_r::...t.:...e.:...::...r_ _________ SOURCE OF INFORMATION & PAGE NUMBERS: • • • JPEG-Bk13 Foreword The past hundred years has witnessed an interesting evolution of overland transportation - pack horse train, ox- -drawn wagon, stagecoach, pony express, railroad train, motor car, airplane-- each in turn. An interspersed with these more common conveyances have appeared unusual or freakish devices, ranging from the wheelbarrow to the camel caravan. But at only one period, 1856-60, was the handcart employed for mass migration--the most remarkable travel experiment in the history of Western America. Nearly three thousand men, women and children, pulling their worldly possessions in hand- made, two--wheeled carts, trudged some thirteen hundred miles to the Zion of their hopes. Across prairies and mountains, rivers and deserts, creaked their fragile vehicles, motored by muscle and fueled with blood. There were the blind and deaf; little children and infants in arms; gray veterans of Waterloo; old ladies and pregnant women. Babies were born on the journey; marriages were performed at the camps; old young were buried along the trail. Overpowered by summer heat, former factory workers fainted beside their carts. Scores froze in the biting cold of Wyoming Blizzards • 1 • • • JPEG-Bk13 For some there was the joy of fulfillment as, dust-- stained and travel--worn, they trailed down from the yellow- -aspened Wasatch Mountains to walk proudly into Salt Lake City behind a brass band, pulling their carts between lines of welcoming brethren. For others, deep tragedy. Caught in the claws of an unseasonable winter, they struggled through mounting drifts with little clothing, less shelter, and no food, and came to a complete halt in the white desolation. To save these thousand souls stalled in the snow, more than three hundred miles from any settlement, was staged the most heroic mass rescue the frontier ever witnessed. Under the conunanding leadership of Brigham Young, these stranded Saints were saved from certain death. and it was accomplished by Mormon colonists who, but nine years before, had squatted upon a desert with empty wagons and bare hands. The womb of the Handcart had produced a numerous progeny. From less than three thousand emigrants, who pulled or trailed a cart one hundred years ago, have come a half million Americans. Cherishing a unique heritage, they are proud to claim descent from Handcart pioneers. A special interest has drawn us to this topic. As a little girl of six, our mother, fresh from the green hills of Switzerland, trailed a handcart the long dry miles to the Great Salt Lake, in the last handcart Caravan. Our master's thesis on the Handcart Migration, written forty years ago, had been rewritten and expanded into the present story • 2 • • THE PIONEERS A SELF-SUSTAINING PEOPLE On the 4th of July, 1852, the long caravan, with 200 yoke of oxen, started the twelve hundred mile trek to Salt Lake City, Utah. This was a unique journey in the history of American industry. For five months this heavily laden caravan labored through the heat and, finally, through two feet of snow reached Salt Lake City Valley. Provisions ran low and ox teams were eaten. The main company arrived in the latter part of November. When Brigham Young moved the saints into the Rocky Mountain area, it was evident that such a large number of people must supply their own wants, or perish. They were in a very 1 i teral sense isolated from the world. They must not only supply themselves with sufficient food, but they must produce their own building materials, manufacture their own clothing, provide for their own amusements, establish their own educational system, construct their own roads, and devise their own system of communication. The isolation forced them to exercise an initiative which, for its accomplishments, has been rarely equaled in the world. Grim necessity developed a leadership and force of character which permeated the humblest household and made the founders of Mormon communities in the west a unique generation of men and women. • Fortunately for the Saints, the membership of the Church had been drawn from the great middle class of society, trained and JPEG-Bk13 insured to labor. It contained artisans from every walk of life. • • • Especially was this true of the English converts. The system of apprenticeships in England had produced men efficient in the bui !ding trades, from architect to mason; shoemakers, harness makers, weaver, skinners, clothiers, cabinet makers, millers, ski 11 ed workers from every branch of industry. Even makers of musical instruments, builders of organs, composers, journalists, and jewelers, were found among them. Never have the people of Utah and the surrounding territory been so blessed with an array of trained laborers as in the first generation of pioneers who settled in the valleys of the mountains. This was a vital factor in the success of the mormons as colonizers. The necessities of isolation forced the Saints to use their skill and talents to a degree uncalled for in the lands from which they came, leading to accomplishments which remain this day unusual enough to attract the attention of the world. The most enduring of these accomplishments was the erection of buildings. Many millions have visited the Temple Block at Salt Lake City, Utah, entered the unique Tabernacle and listened to a concert from the great Tabernacle organ. These attractions, together with the great Temple which stands upon the same block, were the work of a people who brought into the West little more than bare hands, energetic brains and a mighty faith . While less spectacular than the bui !ding program of the Church, the industrial accomplishments were the foundation of the commonwealth. When the water of City Creek was flooded over the adjacent land in the afternoon of July 23, 1847, the Saints began economic independence JPEG-Bk13 Irrigation grew rapidly from a mere ::;_ • • flooding of the soil to a scientific method of farming, which soon made the mormon people independent of the entire world for their food supply. Irrigation became the key which unlocked the fertility of the soil and made possible the establishment of a numerous people on a previously barren land. The improvement of their herds of cattle and sheep, the raising of hogs and domestic fowls, further strengthened the independence of the region. The high cost of bringing freight across the plains, $250 per ton, and the great length of time involved in obtaining goods from the East, forced the Saints into manufacturing field and broadened the agricultural base. "Our next business was the establishment of a dairy; and, having selected a suitable ranch, we commenced with sixty cows ; erected some temporary bui !dings, making a smal 1 investment in vats , hoops, presses, etc., all of which have gradually improved till perhaps, now it is the finest, best and most commodious of any dairy in their territory. The past two years we have had five hundred milk cows, producing each season, the neighborhood of $8,000.00 in butter, cheese, and milk. The heroic efforts of this isolated people to safeguard against a decline in learning and to promote the training of their young people, did much to bridge the gap and pave the way to the present splendid educational system. In 1912, an experiment, called the Seminary was conducted in week day religious eduction for students attending high school . • The Seminary was an institution entirely independent of high school. The program proved successful and was extended throughout JPEG-Bk13 3 • • • JPEG-Bk13 the world. As the Pioneers took their weary journey to the valleys of the mountains, their load was lightened by song and dance. It was well that these things became part of the life of the Saints in the valleys of the West, for they softened the hardness of the mountains and caused men and women to forget the past in the hope of the tomorrow. History was written by - - William Edwin Berrett Submitted by -- Louise Butters Waldron • NAUVOO~ ILLINOIS 18 39 ·- 1846 THE MORMONS HAV: 20 .6choo-l6 One Uruve/L6Uy A c.,Ur.cuiathig UblrA!t..y , Ove1t 2000 well. btuli homu 3 5 Geneltal Sto1tu 14 Boot and Shoe 1,to1r.u ·9 Vlr.U.6ma.lung and. Milli.neJr.y .. ~hop.6 1 8 T a.U.o1t .6 ho p.6 13 Phy-6.lc.,la.nl, 9 Law O6 6 .lc.u 3 N~pa.peM S Pottelr..lu 4 Ba.kelr..lu . .. 4 's:ta.iloneM 6 Bla.c.k.6 m,i;th -6 ho p1., , ... t " · '. '. . . , . . . \ 3 Coopw Swc.veyoM ·- . . . Bluck mMon6 · ·. ,, PlM.teJr.eAf> :i · · . 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