At times turmoil broke out into open warfare, officially declared or not. Israel's struggle with surrounding Arab peoples continued as violence erupted on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. Prime Minister Menachem Begin an-nexed the Golan Heights, an act accompanied by air strikes against neighboring Jordan. And sadly ironic was the scene of Jew fighting against Jew as Israel returned the Sinai to Egypt. Elsewhere in the world, Iran and Iraq staged a bloody border war. American interests shifted towards Iraq, long regarded as a dangerous Soviety ally, when Iran's Ayatullah Ruhollah Khomeini accepted military aid from Moscow. Hot disputes raged in the United States over American involvement in El Salvador. U.S.-backed President Jose Napoleon Duarte struggled to keep his army in action against Marxist-led guerrillas in what was called by some "another Vietnam." The biggest threat to U.S. interests in the Americas came from another direction, however. Argentinian President General Leopoldo Fortunato Galtieri ordered an invasion of a longtime British colony, the Falkland Islands. Britain responded with a huge naval task force, aided by American intelligence and communications. Ironically, both sides of the conflict were motivated by a desire to bolster national support for weakening governments, and the U.S. stood only to lose in this war between two of its allies. USULATAN, EL SALVADOR: A man talks to some of the youngsters who are being trained in use of weapons and in military discipline at a guer-rilla camp in southeast El Salvador near Usulatan. Male and female guerrillas train boys and girls, aged 8 to 17. Youngsters use WWII M-l carbines in training. Parents, older brothers and sisters, and family members of the youngsters are combatants. There are about 700 men, women and children at the camp. Besides learning tactics and the psychology of guerrilla warfare, the youngsters get a taste of standard education; they are taught the basics of the three R's. A bomb disposal man was killed trying to difuse an Argentine bomb, lodged in the ships engine room, when it exploded in the HMS Antelope in Carlos Bay, Falkland Islands. In a time of wars and rumors of wars, valiant showings for peace were made. In El Salvador, literally millions of citizens defied rebel threats as they gathered to take part in national elections. Anti-war and anti-nuclear protests were held around the globe, most notably in West Germany, Japan, and the United States, prompting the U.S. and the Soviet Union to schedule START (Strategic Arms Reduction Talks) in Geneva. The growing feeling among industrial nations was that arms limitation was no longer sufficient to avert nuclear holocaust. Diplomatic means were employed for peace in other arenas as well. At a meeting of five Arab Persian Gulf na-tions, Saudi Arabia made proposals for unity in the Middle East and a more accomodating attitude towards the state of Israel. Mexican President Jose Lopez Portillo hosted leaders and representatives from 21 nations in a North-South peace summit at Cancun to discuss world problems. Another great boon to world peace was Pope John Paul II who, before and after being severely wounded by an assassin's bullets, called for world stability and peaceful settlement to all conflicts. In the midst of the Falkland Crisis he maintained his pledge to be the first pontiff to visit the British Isles, at which time he also made plans to visit the people of Argentina. Top Left: GATWICK AIRPORT, ENGLAND: Pope John Paul kisses the ground after his arrival. Top Right: CANCUN, MEXICO: U.S. President RONALD REAGAN receives an enthusiastic abrazo from Mexican President JOSE LOPEZ PORTILLO on arrival to attend the North-South Economic Summit Conference.