and panned out gold from the streams for a short time. He returned home with quite a large sum of money and a bag of gold nuggets, which enabled him to provide much more comfortably for his large family. The nuggets were exchanged for necessities with people passing through the country. A short time after Grandfather returned from California, word came of the approaching army from the East, and the Saints were called upon to abandon their homes and move south. The following is from my father's journal. "Something that was indelibly impressed on my mind as a young child, was that the government was sending an army of men with guns to kill every Mormon. Everybody was talking about it, but Mother said they would not be able to do it. Then I remember Brigham Young told all the people that the army was getting close. They called out all the spare men and boys, one, Eli Kilbourn whom I knew, to go to Echo Canyon and help built up a defense so they could hurl down rocks on one side and bombard the other. It seemed to me, from what they said, that Brigham would do anything, no matter how many men came. The word came that Lot Smith had gone east with a few men, and had surprised two trains of wagons, and teams. They carried off their provisions and supplies, drove off their oxen and burned the wagons and all the grass before them so they would have to stay there all winter. This was the fall of 1857. The next spring, as I remember, Father had just planted his crops when word came from Brigham Young that the army was coming, and for everyone to get ready at once to move south, and leave their buildings ready for the match. A few men were to be left to fire them at a given signal. I remember the move distinctly. The days of travel, stopping at a place called Pond town. I remember the strings of trout the men and boys caught out of the ponds. I remember that Uncle Lyman built a pig pen and while at work the Indians gave us a scare and we boys ran to him. How long we stayed there and the return trip is not clear, but word came that peace had been made with the army, and to go home seemed to take off the strain we were under." (Father was four years old when this move was made.) Continuing from Father's journal: "My memory now reverts to the cold winters, the snow being waist deep or more. The Morgan Pioneer History Binds Us Together cold East wind swooped down on Centerville. Chickens were blown to the lake, pigs frozen to death, roofs blown from houses. The roof of Mr. Higby's house was blown off while he was away from home. His wife rushed out and was blown into a fence, and unable to stand, was frozen to death. At another time, a young man living with us, Thomas Spackman by name, came home one night nearly frozen to death. They pulled off his overalls; they stood up straight by the side of the wall. Then I remember my Uncle Warriner and Uncle Sanford and Thomas Spackman hauling saw-mill fixtures over the mountains east of Bountiful to a canyon they called Mill Creek. There were no roads in or out to get the lumber away. As there was another Mill Creek, they changed the name to a very proper one, "Hardscrabble." The following is taken from the journal of my great grandfather, Sanford Porter, Sr. "About the year 1858, such heavy snow fell in winter, and such high waters followed and caused such an unusual rise in the Salt Lake, that most of the farms lying in the bottoms along the shore about fifteen miles were damaged by salt water. I had to abandon my farm then, and I went over the mountains to Morgan County, Utah, where 1 found the soil good, and my boys later joined me." The first trip over the mountains was made in the winter on snow shoes. Sanford Porter, Sr., Sanford Porter, Jr. and Warriner made the trip and laid out farms in the snow, then returned to Centerville. In the spring they returned and were well pleased with their farms. They planted some grain and built some log houses, then returned for their families. Quoting again from Father's journal: "In the spring of 1861 my father, John P. Porter, moved his family to Porterville. It was a hard, slow job to get through Weber Canyon. We stopped at the homes of Jedediah Morgan Grant and Thomas Thurston, who were living where Milton now is. "When we reached Porterville, father had a good three room log house ready to move into. I believe my grandfather and two Uncles Warriner and Sanford preceded us." Coming from the hot, dry Salt Lake valley into the cool, green valley of Morgan seemed like heaven to the Porter family. The river and creeks were lined with groves of cottonwood trees, and the green grass was knee high all through the bottoms when the family reached what is now Porterville. 143