Commonwealth and State level, plays a very substantial role in determining wages and working conditions. Legislation provides for three weeks paid annual leave, ten paid holidays, one week six leave for each year of service and three months long service leave after 15 years' continuous service with one employer. Overtime rates are generally on a basis of time and a half for the first four hours and double time thereafter. Work on Sunday is paid at double time. Compulsory arbitration is practiced in Australia and State and Industrial Tribunals have jurisdiction over industrial disputes. In theory, it is difficult to conduct a legal strike or walkout. In practice, strikes are frequent but usually of short duration. On the whole, time lost through industrial disputes in Australia is less than in the American experience. The Government recognizes that the Australian population is far too small to provide the ingredients necessary for large-scale industrial development and perhaps even political security. Consequently it has promoted immigration since World War II and some million and a half people have settled in Australia in the past 20 years, accounting for almost 40% of the population increase during that period. However, the pace of immigration must be controlled to prevent inflation, for the new citizens need jobs, homes, schools, hospitals and other services, and therefore the Government tries to balance all these factors in setting its quotas. Incidentally, immigration is for practical purposes limited to white peoples, preferably of Northern European, United Kingdom, or United States origin, but with Italy and Greece supplying a substantial share. -11-