STATE CAPITALS Alabama ……… Montgomery Nebraska ……… Lincoln Arizona ……… Phoenix Nevada ……… Carson City Arkansas……… Little Rock New Hampshire……… Concord California……… Sacramento New Jersey……… Trenton Colorado……… Denver New Mexico……… Santa Fe Connecticut……… Hartford New York……… Albany Delaware……… Dover North Carolina……… Raleigh Florida……… Tallahassee North Dakota……… Bismarck Georgia……… Atlanta Ohio……… Columbus Idaho……… Boise Oklahoma……… Oklahoma City Illinois……… Springfield Oregon……… Salem Indiana……… Indianapolis Pennsylvania……… Harrisburg Iowa……… Des Moines Rhode Island……… Providence Kansas……… Topeka South Carolina……… Columbia Kentucky……… Frankfort South Dakota……… Pierre Louisiana……… Baton Rouge Tennessee……… Nashville Maine……… Augusta Texas……… Austin Maryland……… Annapolis Utah……… Salt Lake City Massachusettes……… Boston Vermont……… Montpelier Michigan……… Lansing Virginia……… Richmond Minnesota……… St. Paul Washington……… Olympia Mississippi……… Jackson West Virginia……… Charleston Missouri……… Jefferson City Wisconsin……… Madison Montana……… Helena Wyoming……… Cheyenne PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES 1 George Washington 1789-1797 2 John Adams…..1797-1808 3 Thomas Jefferson..1801-1809 4 James Madison….1809-1817 5 James Monroe….1817-1825 6 John Quincy Adams 1825-1829 7 Andrew Jackson...1829-1837 8 Martin Van Buren. 1837-1841 9 William Henry Harrison …...1841 10 John Tyler…...1841-1845 11 James Knox Polk..1845-1849 12 Zachary Taylor….1849-1850 13 Millard Fillmore..1850-1853 14 Franklin Pierce...1853-1857 15 James Buchanan...1857-1861 16 Abraham Lincoln..1861-1865 17 Andrew Johnson...1865-1869 18 Ulysses S. Grant..1869-1877 19 Rutherford B. Hayes 187701881 20 James A. Garfield..1881 21 Chester A. Arthur..1881-1885 22 Grover Cleveland..1885-1889 23 Benjamin Harrison 1889-1893 22 (Second Term) Grover Cleveland…..1893-1897 24 William McKinley. 1897-1901 25 Theodore Roosevelt 1901-1909 26 William Howard Taft……...1909-1913 27 Woodrow Wilson..1913-1921 28 Warren G. Harding 1921-1923 29 Calvin Coolidge...1923-1929 30 Herbert Clark Hoover…...1929-1933 31 Franklin D. Roosevelt…...1933-1945 32 Harry S. Truman..1945-1953 33 Dwight Eisenhower 1953- WEIGHTS AND MEASURES APOTHECARIES’ WEIGHT 20 grains.. 1 scruple 8 drams … 1 ounce 8 scruples … 1 dram 12 ounces .. 1 pound Ounce and pound same as in Troy Weight AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT 2711/32 grains 1 dram 25 pounds . 1 quarter 16 drams … 1 ounce 4 quarters …. 1 cwt 16 ounces .. 1 pound 2,000 lbs.. 1 short ton 2,240 pounds ………………..Long Ton TROY WEIGHT 24 grains …………………….1 pwt. 20 pwt. … 1 ounce 12 ounces .. 1 pound Used for weighing gold, silver and jewels CLOTH MEASURE 2 ¼ inches …. 1 nail 4 nails … 1 quarter 4 quarters ……………………… 1 yard CUBIC MEASURE 1,728 cubic inches …………… 1 cubic foot 27 cubic feet ……………… 1 cubic yard 128 cubic feet …………… 1 cord (wood) 40 cubic feet ……………..1 ton (shipping) 2,150.42 cubic inches ….. 1 standard bushel 231 cubic inches ……. 1 U.S. standard gallon 1 cubic foot ……….. About ⅘ a bushel DRY MEASURE 2 pints ….. 1 quart 4 pecks …. 1 bushel 8 quarts ….. 1 peck 36 bushels 1 chaldron LIQUID MEASURE 4 gills ……. 1 pint 4 quarts … 1 gallon 2 pints … 1 quart 31 ½ gallons .1 barrel 2 barrels…………………….1 hogshead LONG MEASURE 12 inches …..1 foot 40 rods … 1 furlong 3 feet ……..1 yard 8 furlongs .1 sta. Mile 5 ½ yards …..1 rod 3 miles …. 1 league MARINERS’ MEASURE 6 feet…………………...1 fathom 120 fathoms……………...1 cable length 7 ½ cable lengths……………..1 mile 5,280 feet…………………….1 statute mile 6,085 feet………………...1 nautical mile PAPER MEASURE 24 sheet, 1 quire; 20 quires, 1 ream (480 shts.) 2 reams … 1 bundle 5 bundles …. 1 bale SQUARE MEASURE 144 sq. in….1 sq. ft. 40 sq. rods … 1 rood 9 sq. ft. … 1 sq. yd. 4 roods …. 1 acre 30 ¼ sq. yds.. 1 sq. rd. 640 acres. 1 sq. mile SURVEYOR’S MEASURE 7.92 INCHES …………………. 1 link 25 links……………………...1 rod 4 rods………………..1 chain 10 sq. chains or 160 sq. rods……………….1 acre 640 acres……………………….1 sq. mile 36 sq. miles (6 miles sq.) ……………. 1 township TIME MEASURE 60 seconds . 1 minute 24 hours ….1 day 60 minutes .. 1 hour 7 days …..1 week 28, 29, 30 or 31 days ………….. 1 calendar month 30 days …. 1 month - in computing interest 35 days …… 1 year 366 days .. 1 leap yr. MISCELLANEOUS 3 inches …. 1 palm 6 inches ….. 1 square 4 inches …. 1 hand 18 inches … 1 cubit 21.8 inches……………. 1 Bible cubit 2 ½ feet …………….. 1 military pace METRIC EQUIVALENT - Linear Measure 1 centimeter ……………...0.3937 inch 1 inch ……………..2.54 centimeters 1 decimeter ……………..3.937 inches - 0.328 foot 1 foot ……………..3.048 decimeters 1 meter ……………..39.37 inches - 1.0936 yards 1 yard ……………..0.9144 meter 1 dekameter ……………..1.9884 rods 1 rod ……………..0.5029 dekameter 1 kilometer ……………..0.62137 mile 1 mile ……………..1.6093 kilometers Square Measure 1 square centimeter…….0.1550 square inch 1 square inch…….6.452 centimeters 1 square decimeter…….0.1076 square foot 1 square foot…….9.2903 square decimeter 1 square meter…….1.196 square yards 1 square yard…….0.8361 square meter 1 acre…….…….3.954 square rods 1 square rod…….…….2.47 acres 1 hectare…….…….2.47 acres 1 acre…….…….0.4047 hectare 1 square kilometer…….0.386 square mile 1 square mile…….2.59 square kilometers Measure of Volume 1 cubic centimeter…….0.061 cubic inch 1 cubic inch…….16.39 cubic centimeter 1 cubic decimeter…….0.0353 cubic foot 1 cubic foot…….28.317 cubic decimeters 1 cubic meter…….…….1.308 cubic yards 1 cubic yard…….0.7646 cubic meter 1 stere…….…….…….0.2759 cord 1 cord…….…….…….3.624 steres 1 liter..0.908 quart dry - 1.0567 quarts liquid 1 quart dry…….…….…….1.101 liters 1 quart liquid…….…….…….0.9463 liter 1 dekaliter…….2.6417 gallons - 135 pecks 1 gallon…….…….…….0.3785 dekaliter 1 peck…….…….…….0.881 dekaliter 1 hektoliter…….…….2.8375 bushels 1 bushel…….…….…….0.3524 hektoliter 1 ounce…….…….30 cubic centimeters Weights 1 gram…….…….…….0.03527 ounce 1 ounce…….…….…….28.35 grams 1 kilogram…….…….…….2.2046 pounds 1 pound…….…….0.4536 kilogram 1 metric ton…….…….1.1023 English ton 1 English ton…….…….0.9072 metric ton APPROXIMATE METRIC EQUIVALENTS 1decimeter…….…….…….4 inches 1 liter…….1.06 quarts liquid - 0.9 quart dry 1 meter…….…….…….1.1 yards 1 kilometer…….…….……. ⅝ of a mile 1 hektoliter…….…….……. 2 ⅝ bushel 1 hectare…….…….…….2 ½ acre 1 kilogram…….……. 2 ⅕ pound 1 stere, or cubic meter……. ¼ of a cord 1 metric ton…….……. 2,200 pounds TEMPERATURES Milk…….……. Freezes Fahrenheit 30o above Zero Water…….…….Freezes 32o above Zero Olive Oil…….……. Freezes 36o above Zero Wine…….……. Freezes 20o above Zero Vinegar…….……. Freezes 28o above Zero Alcohol…….……. Boils at 173o above Zero Water…….…….Boils at 212o above Zero Petroleum (average) BOils at 306o above Zero Blood Heat…….……. 98.4o above Zero Eggs Hatch…….……. 104o above Zero Fahrenheit Temp.=Centigrade deg.x 9/5 +32 Centigrade Temp.=Fahrenheit deg. - 32 / 9/6